2026-10-15T09:03:28Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34515679 2026-10-14T20:05:55Z category_1 category_4 category_915 category_7 category_21 category_873 category_132 category_135 portal_63 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Two-Dimensional IR Spectroscopy as a Window into the Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Electrolytes and Ionic Liquids: A Review Valeria Bonilla (22829076) Daniel G. Kuroda (1296354) Biophysics Biochemistry Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified Medicine Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Infectious Diseases Computational Biology physicochemical properties arise key open questions review highlights seminal review also describes intrinsic vibrational reporters distinct molecular moieties picosecond time scales chemical exchange dynamics dimensional ir spectroscopy time evolution dimensional infrared vibrational relaxation vibrational modes picosecond dynamics molecular level molecular framework review two spectral diffusion specific anions solvent environments remain despite relevant systems recent advances powerful tool phase systems particular emphasis particular attention often inaccessible limited availability ionic liquids ionic interactions intermolecular interactions extensive number experimental constraints dynamical processes conventional spectroscopies complementary information charged systems bonding networks Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for probing the structure and picosecond dynamics of complex, condensed-phase systems at the molecular level. In electrolytes and ionic liquids, where physicochemical properties arise from the interplay between solvation and ionic interactions, 2DIR spectroscopy provides unique insights into intermolecular interactions and dynamical processes that are often inaccessible to conventional spectroscopies. This review highlights seminal and recent advances in understanding the behavior of these systems using 2DIR spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on spectral diffusion, vibrational relaxation, and chemical exchange dynamics. The review also describes how complementary information from the vibrational modes of solvents, salts, and external probes enables detailed characterization of ion–ion interactions, hydrogen-bonding networks, and solvation environments, providing a molecular framework of the structure and time evolution of these charged systems. Moreover, particular attention is given to the dynamics of distinct molecular moieties and to the role of specific anions, cations, and solvent environments in governing behavior on femtosecond to picosecond time scales. Finally, the review describes current challenges, including the limited availability of intrinsic vibrational reporters and experimental constraints, and key open questions in electrochemical and energy-relevant systems that remain despite an extensive number of studies in the area. 2026-10-14T00:00:00Z Dataset Dataset 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00440.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Two-Dimensional_IR_Spectroscopy_as_a_Window_into_the_Molecular_Structure_and_Dynamics_of_Electrolytes_and_Ionic_Liquids_A_Review/34515679 CC BY-NC 4.0