2026-10-15T07:39:08Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34512742 2026-10-14T17:24:35Z category_24 category_39 category_45 category_734 category_69 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

<p>Rank diagnostics for <i>Q</i> = 1–8.</p> Noriaki Kondo (25822954) Tamaki Kashio (25822957) Kenichi Satoh (9698062) Kunihiko Matsumoto (18150934) Evolutionary Biology Ecology Sociology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Inorganic Chemistry uniquely selected optimum three components dominated negative matrix factorization mixed fourth component level catch statistics fisheries records resolved error rule selecting block bootstrap resampling 30 random starts 1962 &# 8211 13 taxonomic categories nmf therefore identified div >< p whereas reconstruction error evaluated using bi corresponding observed shares assessed whether non 1 – 8 stable latent structure 1972 </ p reproducible core representation observed shares stable representation reproducible core nmf ), dimensional structure less stable data representation q </ ≥ 6 stock abundance stability analyses sensitivity analyses qualitative pattern operational reference landlocked ayu lake biwa historical reference historical inland freshwater clam exclusion analyses empirical question crucian carp <div><p>Historical inland-fisheries records resolved by taxon, location, and year are rare, and whether such records support stable low-dimensional structure is an empirical question. We analyzed annual catch records from Lake Biwa, Japan, covering 44 fisheries cooperatives, 13 taxonomic categories, and 11 years (1962–1972), immediately preceding major coastal modifications associated with the Lake Biwa Comprehensive Development Project. We assessed whether non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), with and without spatial smoothing based on port coordinates, provided a stable representation of port-year catch composition beyond direct summaries. Candidate ranks <i>Q</i> = 1–8 were evaluated using bi-cross-validation, 30 random starts, consensus diagnostics, port-block bootstrap resampling, exclusion analyses, and sensitivity analyses. Bi-cross-validation reached its minimum at <i>Q</i> = 8, with the one-standard-error rule selecting <i>Q</i> = 7, whereas component correspondence across random starts deteriorated sharply at <i>Q</i> ≥ 6. Because these criteria did not agree, <i>Q</i> = 4 was used as an operational reference under a study-specific stability rule rather than as a uniquely selected optimum. At <i>Q</i> = 4, three components dominated by Crucian carp, Freshwater clam, and Landlocked Ayu were reproducible and closely tracked the corresponding observed shares, whereas a mixed fourth component was less stable. Repeating the stability analyses at <i>Q</i> = 5 produced the same qualitative pattern of a reproducible core and less stable additional structure. Component correspondence also depended on data representation. Some observed shares and component scores showed spatial autocorrelation among reporting ports, whereas reconstruction error did not. NMF therefore identified a reproducible core representation of recorded catch composition without supporting a unique and uniformly stable latent structure. These patterns describe recorded catch composition rather than stock abundance and provide a historical reference for future comparison.</p></div> 2026-10-14T17:24:17Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.pone.0358946.t003 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Rank_diagnostics_for_i_Q_i_1_8_p_/34512742 CC BY 4.0