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oai:figshare.com:article/34069239 2026-10-05T10:46:20Z category_21 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Supplementary file 1_Proteomic analysis of bioprinted pancreatic tumor models under different nutrient conditions.docx Busra Buyuk (25311486) Ming Li (91180) Xueer Song (25311489) Kaiming Ye (296422) Biotechnology 3D bioprinting cancer-associated fibroblasts metabolic adaptation nutrient stress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) proteomics tumor microenvironment Background<p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense stromal microenvironment that restricts nutrient availability and contributes to tumor adaptation. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix components, and tumor cells participate in reciprocal interactions that influence the metabolic state of PDAC tumors.</p>Objective<p>This study investigated nutrient-associated proteomic changes in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted PDAC–CAF tumor constructs and examined alterations in metabolic and cell-junction-related pathways under nutrient-avid and nutrient-deprived conditions.</p>Methods<p>Three-dimensional bioprinted pancreatic tumor constructs composed primarily of PANC1 cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were cultured under nutrient-avid (N) and nutrient-deprived (N−) conditions. Constructs were monitored at Days 0, 6, and 12, and Day 6 was selected for comparative proteomic analysis as an intermediate stage at which nutrient-associated structural divergence was evident while both tumor and stromal compartments remained detectable. Label-free high-resolution LC–MS/MS proteomic profiling was followed by KEGG pathway enrichment and complementary bioinformatic analyses. Selected junction-associated findings were further examined by quantitative real-time PCR.</p>Results<p>Distinct nutrient-associated proteomic signatures were observed in the bioprinted tumor constructs. Nutrient-avid conditions were associated with enrichment of pathways including pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, β-alanine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Nutrient-deprived conditions showed enrichment of pathways related to unsaturated fatty-acid biosynthesis, fatty-acid elongation, riboflavin metabolism, folate-associated metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Nutrient-associated differences were also observed among proteins assigned to gap-junction, adherens-junction, focal-adhesion, tight-junction, and central-carbon-metabolism pathways. Selected junction-associated proteomic observations were supported at the transcript level by qPCR, although concordance between mRNA and protein abundance varied among targets.</p>Conclusion<p>Nutrient availability was associated with distinct metabolic and junction-related proteomic signatures in 3D bioprinted PDAC–CAF constructs. These findings provide hypothesis-generating evidence of nutrient-dependent molecular remodeling within a multicellular PDAC model. Functional perturbation studies will be required to determine the causal and therapeutic relevance of the candidate proteins and pathways identified here.</p> 2026-10-05T10:46:20Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1921652.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Proteomic_analysis_of_bioprinted_pancreatic_tumor_models_under_different_nutrient_conditions_docx/34069239 CC BY 4.0