2026-10-13T14:44:53Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34054332 2026-10-02T05:33:23Z category_34 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Supplementary file 1_How heterogeneous environmental regulations shape marine sustainable development: evidence from coastal China.docx Kun Gao (161056) Qiaorong Yin (25162407) Qiang Gao (130609) Environmental Science environmental regulation marine green total factor productivity marine industrial structure marine sustainable development technological innovation <p>Marine sustainable development requires reconciling economic growth with environmental protection, making the design and selection of effective environmental regulatory instruments increasingly important under tightening marine ecological constraints. In this study, marine sustainable development is measured by marine green total factor productivity (MGTFP). Using panel data from 11 coastal provinces and municipalities in China from 2007 to 2021, this study examines the differential associations of command-and-control environmental regulation (CER) and market-incentive environmental regulation (MER) with MGTFP, and further investigates their transmission pathways, threshold effects, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and lagged effects. The results show that CER is significantly negatively associated with MGTFP, whereas MER exhibits a significant positive association. Mechanism analysis supports a marine industrial structure pathway for CER and a marine technological innovation pathway for MER. Fiscal capacity exhibits a double-threshold effect for MER but no significant threshold effect for CER, while economic openness conditions the effects of both regulatory instruments. Spatial differences receive stronger statistical support for CER than for MER. The MER-MGTFP relationship strengthens after 2012 and shows persistent positive lagged associations, whereas no significant temporal change or delayed association is identified for CER. Overall, these findings highlight instrument-specific differences in productivity associations, transmission pathways, contextual dependence, and temporal persistence, providing implications for more effective marine environmental regulation.</p> 2026-10-02T05:33:23Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fenvs.2026.1953310.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_How_heterogeneous_environmental_regulations_shape_marine_sustainable_development_evidence_from_coastal_China_docx/34054332 CC BY 4.0