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oai:figshare.com:article/34053555 2026-10-02T04:37:13Z category_617 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Data Sheet 1_Focused ultrasound increases Lucifer Yellow transport across hCMEC/D3 endothelial monolayers.pdf Sam Bleker (25161423) Kyra-Elisa M. Redeker (25161426) Gerrit Meußler (25161429) Ralf Brinkmann (3952811) Jürgen Brockmöller (3534611) Christoph Russmann (25161432) Acoustics and Noise Control (excl. Architectural Acoustics) acoustic bioeffects continuous-wave ultrasound endothelial barrier focused ultrasound hCMEC/D3 Lucifer yellow endothelial transport Introduction<p>Focused ultrasound (FUS) is being investigated as a non-invasive approach to modulate vascular barriers and thereby facilitate drug delivery to the central nervous system and other protected tissues. However, interpretation of in vitro endothelial responses to FUS is complicated by culture-vessel acoustics and by the need to distinguish transport occurring during exposure from transport occurring afterward.</p>Methods<p>We investigated Lucifer Yellow transport across hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial monolayers cultured on ThinCert inserts during and after a 60-s continuous-wave FUS exposure at 1.2 MHz and 80 V_pp (peak-to-peak voltage) without added microbubbles. Hydrophone measurements at 100 V_pp identified 1.2 MHz as the frequency yielding the highest mean peak rarefactional pressure in the frequency scan at an axial distance of 5.0 mm from the lens apex. Separate axial scans at 1.2 MHz located the axial pressure maximum at the same distance; first-order voltage scaling of the corresponding peak rarefactional focal pressure (PRFP) yielded an estimated PRFP of 0.838 ± 0.054 MPa for the 80-V_pp condition in the calibration geometry. Lucifer Yellow accumulation was quantified immediately before exposure, at the end of exposure, and 9 min later in eight independent paired experiments using sampling- and volume-corrected receiver amounts.</p>Results<p>During the 60-s exposure interval, the mean control-adjusted increase was 0.283 nmol (95% confidence interval, 0.185–0.380 nmol; Holm-adjusted P=0.000475; Cohen’s dz=2.43), and all eight experiments showed the same effect direction. During the subsequent 9-min interval, the additional control-adjusted accumulation was 0.035 nmol (95% confidence interval, −0.100–0.171 nmol; Holm-adjusted P=0.555). In a separate preliminary cell-free session, three within-session FUS/control pairs did not reproduce the positive exposure-interval response seen in the cellular series; these observations were descriptive only. In five separate paired experiments, acute Calcein-AM- and ethidium homodimer-1-derived image metrics showed mixed FUS-minus-control differences without a reproducible FUS-associated direction.</p>Discussion<p>These findings demonstrate an exposure-associated increase in Lucifer Yellow transport across the hCMEC/D3 monolayer–insert system that arose predominantly during insonification, without statistically detectable continued differential accumulation during the observed post-exposure interval. Together, these results provide a controlled in vitro framework for temporally resolving FUS-associated transport in this monolayer–insert system.</p> 2026-10-02T04:37:13Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/facou.2026.1968185.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Focused_ultrasound_increases_Lucifer_Yellow_transport_across_hCMEC_D3_endothelial_monolayers_pdf/34053555 CC BY 4.0