2026-10-11T14:45:14Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34049449 2026-10-01T17:46:46Z category_915 category_8 category_13 category_272 category_39 category_734 category_64 category_132 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Ordinary Least Squares model and ANOVA results. Egie E. Enabuele (25158001) Roy N. Platt II (13783184) Ehizogie E. Adeyemi (25158004) Martins S. O. Aisien (25158007) Oluwaremilekun G. Ajakaye (4243018) Mahmud U. Ali (25158010) Ebube C. Amaechi (25158013) Tolulope E. Atalabi (25158016) Timothy Auta (25158019) Oluwaseun B. Awosolu (25158022) Adamu G. Dagona (25158025) Omoyemwen Edo-Taiwo (25158028) Chika P. Ejikeugwu (25158031) Christopher Igbeneghu (25158034) Victor S. Njom (10928747) Marian Onwude-Agbugui (25158037) Mary-Kate N. Orji (25158040) Funso O. P. Oyinloye (25158043) Esther Oyemade (25158046) Habibat J. Ozemoka (25158049) Christopher R. Pam (25158052) Uchenna I. Ugah (25158055) Jenna M. Hulke (25158058) Grace A. Arya (25158061) Timothy J. C. Anderson (7548590) Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified Microbiology Genetics Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Cancer Infectious Diseases tight cluster regardless internal transcribed spacer genome sequencing revealed approach requires reinterpretation also genome sequenced 14 nigerian locations schistosomes containing 50 early generation hybrids documenting zoonotic infection detecting zoonotic infection div >< p suggesting zoonotic infection 132 parasites isolated schistosoma haematobium </ livestock schistosome markers bovis cox1 </ zoonotic infection livestock schistosomes schistosoma </ zoonotic infections schistosome epidemiology recent hybrids bovis </ haematobium </ cox1 </ livestock parasites livestock counterparts curassoni </ cox </ wide ancestry well differentiated used approaches typically inferred southern nigeria results demonstrate northern nigeria modest levels misleading inference low levels human urine <div>The nuclear, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cox1 markers are widely used to differentiate Schistosoma haematobium from its livestock counterparts, S. bovis and S. curassoni. Schistosoma isolated from humans with ITS and cox1 alleles from livestock parasites are typically inferred to be zoonotic infections and those with heterozygous ITS alleles (suggesting mixed species ancestry) are classified as recent hybrids. These classifications assume that the ITS and cox1 markers accurately reflect genome-wide ancestry. Here, we evaluated the reliability of this classification scheme by genotyping ITS and cox1 from 132 parasites isolated from human urine, and from 37 adult schistosomes collected from cattle at 14 Nigerian locations. We also genome sequenced each sample to empirically determine livestock schistosome ancestry. ITS/cox1 genotyping suggested extensive recent hybridization and zoonotic infection. Among parasites from humans, 10.1% carried both S. curassoni and S. haematobium ITS, consistent with F1 or early generation hybrids, 21% had livestock schistosome markers at both cox1 and ITS suggesting zoonotic infection, while 13.7% carried S. bovis cox1 alongside mixed S. curassoni and S. haematobium ITS, suggesting more complex ancestry. Genome sequencing revealed a very different picture. All parasites from humans formed a tight cluster regardless of ITS or cox1 genotype, while all worms from cattle were well differentiated. We found no schistosomes containing 50% livestock parasite ancestry consistent with F1s. Instead, we observed regionally varying levels of S. bovis introgression, with modest levels in southern Nigeria (mean = 4.9%) and low levels in northern Nigeria (mean = 0.06%). These results demonstrate that: (i) two-locus genotyping is uninformative for detecting zoonotic infection or recent hybridization between S. haematobium and livestock schistosomes and (ii) previous data generated using this approach requires reinterpretation. These findings reveal the limitations of widely-used approaches for documenting zoonotic infection and hybridization between S. haematobium and livestock schistosome species.</div> 2026-10-01T17:46:27Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.ppat.1014625.t002 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Ordinary_Least_Squares_model_and_ANOVA_results_p_/34049449 CC BY 4.0