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oai:figshare.com:article/34049425 2026-10-01T17:46:44Z category_915 category_8 category_13 category_272 category_39 category_734 category_64 category_132 portal_5 item_type_1 month_year_10_2026

Biogeography of introgression across Nigeria. Egie E. Enabuele (25158001) Roy N. Platt II (13783184) Ehizogie E. Adeyemi (25158004) Martins S. O. Aisien (25158007) Oluwaremilekun G. Ajakaye (4243018) Mahmud U. Ali (25158010) Ebube C. Amaechi (25158013) Tolulope E. Atalabi (25158016) Timothy Auta (25158019) Oluwaseun B. Awosolu (25158022) Adamu G. Dagona (25158025) Omoyemwen Edo-Taiwo (25158028) Chika P. Ejikeugwu (25158031) Christopher Igbeneghu (25158034) Victor S. Njom (10928747) Marian Onwude-Agbugui (25158037) Mary-Kate N. Orji (25158040) Funso O. P. Oyinloye (25158043) Esther Oyemade (25158046) Habibat J. Ozemoka (25158049) Christopher R. Pam (25158052) Uchenna I. Ugah (25158055) Jenna M. Hulke (25158058) Grace A. Arya (25158061) Timothy J. C. Anderson (7548590) Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified Microbiology Genetics Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Cancer Infectious Diseases tight cluster regardless internal transcribed spacer genome sequencing revealed approach requires reinterpretation also genome sequenced 14 nigerian locations schistosomes containing 50 early generation hybrids documenting zoonotic infection detecting zoonotic infection div >< p suggesting zoonotic infection 132 parasites isolated schistosoma haematobium </ livestock schistosome markers bovis cox1 </ zoonotic infection livestock schistosomes schistosoma </ zoonotic infections schistosome epidemiology recent hybrids bovis </ haematobium </ cox1 </ livestock parasites livestock counterparts curassoni </ cox </ wide ancestry well differentiated used approaches typically inferred southern nigeria results demonstrate northern nigeria modest levels misleading inference low levels human urine (A) A supervised Admixture analysis was used to estimate S. haematobium (green), S. bovis (orange), and S. curassoni (blue) ancestry in each parasite. Known hybrids—including an F1 S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrid [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014625#ppat.1014625.ref067" target="_blank">67</a>] and both F1 and early backcross natural S. curassoni × S. bovis hybrids [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014625#ppat.1014625.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]—show high levels of mixed ancestry from their parental species. In contrast, we found no evidence of high levels of mixed ancestry in miracidia collected from humans. Instead, nearly all parasites collected in southern Nigeria carry low levels of livestock parasite ancestry, never exceeding 18.4% (mean 4.9%). “Africa” refers to published sequences from collection localities in Angola, Corsica, Cote d’ Ivoire, Madagascan, Namibia, Sao Tome, Senegal, Swaziland, Tanzania (Zanzibar), Uganda, and Zambia. (B) Mean S. haematobium ancestry values across sampling locations in Nigeria are shown on the map. Introgressed alleles are largely restricted to southern populations, which contain low levels of non–S. haematobium ancestry, with the exception of parasites from Osun. (C) The proportion of S. haematobium ancestry is relatively high across all Nigerian populations. This pattern is inconsistent with inferences from mitochondrial and ITS genotyping (<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014625#ppat.1014625.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). For example, individuals homozygous for S. curassoni ITS alleles and carrying S. bovis mtDNA still contain ~97% S. haematobium ancestry across the nuclear genome. 2026-10-01T17:46:27Z Image Figure 10.1371/journal.ppat.1014625.g005 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_Biogeography_of_introgression_across_Nigeria_p_/34049425 CC BY 4.0