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2026-10-01T17:36:01Z
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<p>Settling density modulates the strength and endpoint of frequency-dependent exclusion.</p>
Rodrigo Zorrilla González (25157813)
Michael Travisano (234511)
Biophysics
Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Ecology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Infectious Diseases
Computational Biology
kluyveromyces lactis </
generalizable structural constraint
div >< p
dependent physical interactions
based projections revealed
alter encounter rates
social traits even
settling fitness confirmed
predicted equilibrium frequency
cheating individuals remains
manipulated settling density
social evolution
settling density
population density
density acts
settled fraction
settle efficiently
results demonstrate
multicellular clusters
metabolic exchange
low densities
less enriched
interaction frequency
high densities
findings support
evolved enforcement
ecological stability
direct measurements
cluster formation
central puzzle
<p>A) Log-transformed CFU ratios (Co-Uni/Snowflake) over time (days) for each replicate at each settling density; panel headers (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) indicate relative settling density. Lines show replicate-level linear fits; grey points show raw data. B) Linear regression of replicate-level slope values (log<sub>10</sub> CFU ratio/day) against settling density. Slopes quantify the rate of directional exclusion; more negative slopes indicate stronger Co-Uni decline. (C) Projected asymptotic CFU ratios estimated from nonlinear model fits. A significant positive relationship indicates that settling density shifts the expected strain ratio under ecological time scales.</p>
2026-10-01T17:35:57Z
Image
Figure
10.1371/journal.pone.0359779.g002
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_Settling_density_modulates_the_strength_and_endpoint_of_frequency-dependent_exclusion_p_/34048697
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