2026-10-11T02:28:37Z
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2026-10-01T17:30:36Z
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<p>LPS-induced alterations in intestinal transport and enteroendocrine marker expression in pSIOs.</p>
Sumin Park (1418677)
Boram Lee (549836)
Dahye Kim (4750968)
Sheet Sunirmal (25157743)
Min Gook Lee (25157746)
Haesun Lee (13907847)
Sun A. Ock (17671438)
Jae Gyu Yoo (18291035)
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Cell Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology
Physiology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Immunology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Infectious Diseases
potentially reducing reliance
cell models fail
adult jejunum stimulated
functional categories associated
bile acid signaling
div >< p
cytokine gene expression
studying intestinal inflammation
intestinal tract
associated diseases
receptor signaling
inflammatory signaling
vitro </
valuable platform
transcriptome analysis
time pcr
thereby posing
related pathways
proteins involved
physiologically relevant
nutrient transport
major threat
inflammatory stress
induced alterations
increased tlr4
including enrichment
immunofluorescence staining
findings demonstrate
enriched pathways
barrier maintenance
barrier integrity
animal testing
analyzing changes
altered expression
3rs principle
<p>(A) Immunofluorescence of pSIOs stained with DAPI (blue) to visualize nuclei and immunolabeled for SGLT1 (green), PEPT1 (green), GLUT2 (green), TGR5 (red), and GLP-1 (green). Representative untreated (upper rows) and LPS-treated (lower rows) organoids are shown. Untreated organoids exhibited distinct localization of SGLT1, PEPT1, GLUT2, and TGR5 along the epithelial membrane with strong expression and cytoplasmic GLP-1 expression in scattered enteroendocrine-like cells within the epithelial layer. LPS-treated organoids exhibited reduced expression intensity, irregular protein distribution, and partial loss of membrane localization. Enlarged views of the yellow boxed regions further highlight differences in expression patterns and subcellular localization between untreated and LPS-treated organoids. Images are representative of three independent biological replicates (n = 3), with at least five organoids analyzed for each treatment condition in each biological replicate. Scale bars: 50 μm. (B) qRT-PCR analysis showing significant alterations in nutrient transporter and enteroendocrine-related gene expression following LPS treatment. Decreased <i>SLC5A1</i> (SGLT1) and <i>SLC15A1</i> (PEPT1) expression and increased <i>SLC2A2</i> expression were observed after LPS exposure. Among enteroendocrine-related genes, GPBAR1 expression was markedly decreased, whereas GCG (the precursor gene of GLP-1) expression was significantly increased after LPS exposure.Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates (n = 3); each biological replicate was analyzed using five technical replicates. **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p>
2026-10-01T17:30:26Z
Image
Figure
10.1371/journal.pone.0359086.g005
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_LPS-induced_alterations_in_intestinal_transport_and_enteroendocrine_marker_expression_in_pSIOs_p_/34048156
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