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oai:figshare.com:article/34047319 2026-10-01T17:22:32Z category_8 category_12 category_24 category_272 category_39 category_46 category_734 category_64 category_132 category_134 portal_5 item_type_1 month_year_10_2026

Entry of bat sarbecoviruses by cell-cell fusion. Nazia Thakur (9904162) Joseph Newman (5638340) Dongchun Ni (15188356) Jeffrey Seow (9415776) Abigail L. Hay (25157576) Yeonjae Lee (12256119) Ayush Upadhyay (25157573) Babatunde E. Ekundayo (25157578) John A. Hammond (7431785) Thomas P. Peacock (6536120) Kelvin Lau (1847764) Katie J. Doores (346210) Dalan Bailey (193037) Microbiology Cell Biology Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Immunology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Cancer Infectious Diseases Virology multiple bat coronaviruses g ., rc g ., civet clade 1 viruses restricted ace2 usage mammalian ace2 proteins g ., rhgb07 using monoclonal antibodies clade 1 sarbecoviruses div >< p determined host range converting enzyme 2 2 convalescent individuals ace2 ), via using binding assays antigenicity using sera related bat sarbecoviruses using sarbecoviruses host range clade 3 pangolin ), neutralising antibodies entry assays binding domain sarbecoviruses interact sarbecoviruses exhibited rodent ace2 like rhgb07 generalist ace2 related antigenicity zoonotic potential vitally important still evidence specialist </ shifting pattern robust evidence research indicates racoon dog novel structure largely maintained including human immunodominant target human primate generalist phenotypes generalist </ especially omicron entry phenotypes diverse panel continued evolution breakthrough infections (A) Heatmap showing virus entry by cell-cell fusion. HEK293T cells stably expressing half of a split GFP-Renilla (RLuc-GFP 1−7) luciferase reporter were transfected with bat sarbecovirus Spikes, and co-cultured with BHK-21 cells expressing the other half of the split reporter (RLuc-GFP 8−11), transfected with bat ACE2s. Productive cell-cell fusion results in reconstitution of the split reporter, from which luciferase signals can be measured. Data is shown as log (RLU) and is the average of three separate experiments. A pDISPLAY vector control was included to set the baseline value to account for background signals. The red boxes indicate the predicted cognate bat receptor for each bat sarbecovirus, where known. (B) XY scatter plots for each of the viruses assessed for their receptor usage profile, correlating the log (RLU) of pseudoparticle entry (X) against cell-cell fusion entry (Y), excluding clade II viruses that do not use ACE2 as their entry receptor (RfGB02: r = 0.8244, p < 0.0001; RhGB07: r = 0.9335, p < 0.0001; Rc-o319: r = 0.9467, p < 0.0001; SARS-CoV-2: r = 0.6684, p = 0.0024; BANAL-20–103: r = 0.5308, p = 0.0234; BANAL-20–236: r = 0.6096, p = 0.0072; BANAL-20–52: r = 0.7343, p = 0.0005; RaTG13: r = 0.7719, p = 0.0002; SARS-CoV-1: r = 0.9005, p < 0.0001; WIV-1: r = 0.7724, p = 0.0002; Rs4231: r = 0.8259, p < 0.0001). Each data point is labelled with the ACE2-corresponding ACE2 receptor and a Pearson’s correlation calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The Pearson r value and p value are both documented. The data underlying this Figure can be found in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003944#pbio.3003944.s017" target="_blank">S1 Data</a>. (TIF) 2026-10-01T17:40:07Z Image Figure 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003944.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_Entry_of_bat_sarbecoviruses_by_cell-cell_fusion_p_/34047319 CC BY 4.0