2026-10-14T11:04:18Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34046904 2026-10-01T16:08:51Z category_1 category_4 category_146 category_21 category_272 category_873 category_39 category_734 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_10_2026

Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Atmospheric Moisture Adsorption Sa Rang Choi (23830662) Jung Myoung Lee (23830665) Biophysics Biochemistry Space Science Biotechnology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified tunable network structures moisture adsorption capacity atmospheric moisture harvesting atmospheric moisture adsorption 53 – 26 263 – 2 viscosity reference formulation hygroscopic calcium species 344 cp ). 2 </ sub 2 +</ sup 0 – 4 highest hydrogel yield precursor viscosity increased precursor viscosity hydrogel yield increased throughput calcium distribution 114 cp hydrogel beads systematically evaluated strong affinity situ incorporation scalable production relative humidity pump system promising adsorbents nozzle bead loading step ionic interactions findings highlight driven multi custom gravity crosslinking strategy covalent bonding conventional syringe carboxymethyl cellulose bead morphology based hydrogels approach enabled additional salt 983 kg 5 wt 350 kg 000 times Hygroscopic hydrogels have emerged as promising adsorbents for atmospheric water harvesting owing to their tunable network structures and strong affinity for water. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel beads were fabricated using a dual-crosslinking strategy in which covalent bonding with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ionic interactions with Ca²⁺ ions in a CaCl₂ coagulation bath occurred simultaneously. This approach enabled the in situ incorporation of hygroscopic calcium species, eliminating the need for an additional salt-loading step. The effects of CMC (1–6 wt %), ECH (1–10 wt %), and NaOH (1–6 wt %) concentrations on precursor viscosity, hydrogel yield, bead morphology, calcium distribution, and atmospheric moisture adsorption were systematically evaluated. Precursor viscosity increased with CMC concentration (53–26,114 cP) but decreased with NaOH concentration (11,263–2,344 cP). Atmospheric moisture adsorption increased with relative humidity (RH), reaching 3.0–4.9 g/g at 90% RH. The formulation containing 3 wt % CMC, 5 wt % ECH, and 1 wt % NaOH achieved the highest hydrogel yield and moisture adsorption capacity. Using a custom gravity-driven multi-nozzle bead-dropper, this formulation produced dry hydrogels at a rate of 0.983 kg/h, approximately 1,000 times that of the conventional syringe-pump system, while a lower-viscosity reference formulation further increased throughput to 1.350 kg/h. Collectively, these findings highlight the feasibility of scalable production of biomass-derived hygroscopic hydrogel beads for atmospheric moisture harvesting. 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsapm.6c03547.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Preparation_of_Carboxymethyl_Cellulose-Based_Hydrogels_for_Atmospheric_Moisture_Adsorption/34046904 CC BY-NC 4.0