2026-10-09T18:50:48Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34046382 2026-10-01T14:36:28Z category_952 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Data Sheet 1_A real-time error prevention system for gaze-based interaction in virtual reality based on anomaly detection.pdf Björn R. Severitt (25157010) Yannick Sauer (25157013) Nora Castner (8910851) Siegfried Wahl (5983292) Virtual Reality and Related Simulation anomaly detection error prevention eye tracking gaze gaze-based interaction midas touch virtual reality Introduction<p>Gaze-based interaction enables intuitive, potential hands-free control in immersive environments, but remains prone to unintended inputs, commonly referred to as the Midas touch problem. To address this limitation, we propose a real-time Error Prevention System (EPS) that detects anomalous gaze behaviour during selection tasks.</p>Methods<p>The EPS is based on a Temporal Convolutional Network Autoencoder (TCNAE) trained to reconstruct typical gaze dynamics of correct selections. In a Virtual Reality (VR) visual search task, 37 participants used three gaze-based interaction methods - dwell time, gaze and head direction alignment, and nod - each evaluated with and without the EPS. Both objective performance metrics and subjective user evaluations were collected.</p>Results<p>The EPS reduced incorrect selections by up to 95% for dwell time and gaze and head alignment, and led to significant performance improvements in these conditions. Effects for nodding were smaller and more variable. Overall, participants rated the system positively, reporting improved confidence and usability, while system performance and benefits varied across individuals.</p>Discussion<p>These findings demonstrate that anomaly-based error prevention can effectively reduce incorrect gaze-based selections in real time without disrupting interaction. However, the variability across interaction methods and users highlights the need for adaptive approaches. The proposed method shows strong potential for improving gaze-based interfaces in VR, Augmented Reality (AR), and assistive technologies.</p> 2026-10-01T14:36:28Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/frvir.2026.1918264.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_A_real-time_error_prevention_system_for_gaze-based_interaction_in_virtual_reality_based_on_anomaly_detection_pdf/34046382 CC BY 4.0