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Rapid On-Site Detection
of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng Using
Portable Miniature Mass Spectrometry
by Sodium Acetate-Enhanced Nanoelectrospray Ionization and a Same-Spectrum
Same-Screening Quantification Strategy
Longchan Liu (17619960)
Yongjin Li (111774)
Haizhen Zhang (779222)
Haoyue Zhang (3372770)
Wenxiang Fan (17619957)
Linnan Li (3330543)
Zhengtao Wang (466802)
Li Yang (6520)
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Microbiology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Ecology
Developmental Biology
Inorganic Chemistry
three pharmacopoeial markers
ratio strongly correlated
poor proton affinity
multiple glycosidic moieties
major bioactive constituents
enhanced nanoelectrospray ionization
enhance ionization efficiency
detected using full
site mass spectrometry
site chemical assessment
pg quality control
2 </ sup
10 – 0
method enabling rapid
r </
pg samples
>< sup
site detection
work demonstrated
structural complexity
sodium acetate
quantitative robustness
practical strategy
panax ginseng
notoginsenoside r1
matrix effects
low volatility
internal standard
inflammatory activities
including anticancer
herb medicines
feasible approach
cultivation age
crucial role
13 %),
Ginsenosides are
the major bioactive constituents in Panax ginseng (PG), exhibiting diverse pharmacological
effects, including anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective,
and anti-inflammatory activities. On-site mass spectrometry (MS) analysis
of ginsenosides plays a crucial role in PG quality control. However,
owing to matrix effects, structural complexity, low volatility, poor
proton affinity, and the presence of multiple glycosidic moieties,
rapid analysis of ginsenosides using portable MS under ambient conditions
remains challenging. Here, we developed a sodium acetate (NaOAc)-enhanced
nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) method enabling rapid, on-site
ginsenoside profiling using miniature mass spectrometry (mMS). NaOAc-mediated
cationization promotes efficient formation of [M + Na]<sup>+</sup> ions, enhancing ion signal intensity. Ginsenosides were detected
using full-scan MS and MS/MS, including Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rd, Rf, notoginsenoside
R1, etc. For quantitative analysis of the three pharmacopoeial markers
(Rb1, Rg1, and Re), a same-spectrum and same-screening (4S) strategy
using structurally similar saponins as an internal standard was established.
The method exhibited good linearity (5–100 μg·mL<sup>–1</sup>, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.99), acceptable
precision (RSD < 13%), and recoveries. The limits of detection
(LOD) for Rb1, Rg1, and Re were 0.10–0.20 μg·mL<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. Application of the method to PG samples
of different cultivation ages revealed that the Rb1/Re ratio strongly
correlated with cultivation age. This work demonstrated a practical
strategy to enhance ionization efficiency and quantitative robustness
in mMS and provided a feasible approach for on-site chemical assessment
of herb medicines.
2026-10-01T00:00:00Z
Text
Journal contribution
10.1021/acsomega.6c07119.s001
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Rapid_On-Site_Detection_of_Ginsenosides_in_Panax_ginseng_Using_Portable_Miniature_Mass_Spectrometry_by_Sodium_Acetate-Enhanced_Nanoelectrospray_Ionization_and_a_Same-Spectrum_Same-Screening_Quantification_Strategy/34040607
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