2026-10-11T15:09:42Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34040533 2026-10-01T06:37:07Z category_12 category_16 category_19 category_272 category_873 category_39 category_45 category_46 category_61 category_106 portal_87 item_type_6 month_year_10_2026

α-Tocopherol-loaded freeze-dried liposomes and proliposomes: powder properties and thermal performance Jiyoon Lee (662727) Hye Won Kim (14374417) Hyeon Gyu Lee (11819669) In Young Bae (25153672) Cell Biology Physiology Pharmacology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Sociology Immunology Developmental Biology Science Policy Proliposome liposomes α-Tocopherol flowability thermal stability <p>Dry lipid-based formulations can enhance the handling and preservation of lipophilic bioactives, though their efficacy depends heavily on formulation composition and processing conditions. This study compared α-tocopherol-loaded freeze-dried liposomes (FD_LPs) and proliposomes (PLPs) formulated with either mannitol (PLPs_MAN) or trehalose (PLPs_TRE) as carriers. All three formulations were evaluated for reconstitution characteristics, powder properties, and thermal performance after rehydration. Additionally, a four-week storage stability test was conducted at 4, 25, and 40 °C, restricted to FD_LPs and PLPs_MAN. Upon reconstitution, all formulations exhibited mean vesicle diameters ranging from 561.5 to 669.3 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values of approximately 0.57–0.60, indicating relatively broad particle size distributions. Initial entrapment efficiencies (EE) were high, exceeding 93% for all samples. Among the formulations, PLPs_MAN exhibited the lowest moisture content. Both PLP formulations demonstrated lower hygroscopicity and superior flow indices compared to FD_LPs. Under thermal stress (90 °C, 12 h), PLPs_TRE showed the lowest TBARS response, whereas PLPs_MAN maintained the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity. After four weeks at 40 °C, mean EE values were lower than their initial values for both tested formulations, reaching 73.7% for FD_LPs and 79.0% for PLPs_MAN. Overall, both proliposome formulations exhibited more favorable powder flow indices and lower hygroscopicity than FD_LPs, whereas their thermal responses depended on the endpoint examined. The four-week storage findings apply only to FD_LPs and PLPs_MAN and do not establish the storage performance of PLPs_TRE. Differences in carrier loading and processing limit attribution of the observed effects to carrier identity alone.</p> 2026-10-01T06:37:07Z Text Journal contribution 10.6084/m9.figshare.34040533.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_-Tocopherol-loaded_freeze-dried_liposomes_and_proliposomes_powder_properties_and_thermal_performance/34040533 CC BY 4.0