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        <identifier>oai:figshare.com:article/34038990</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-10-01T05:10:10Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Seasonal recharge forcing and hydrogeological controls on groundwater contaminant vulnerability: a process-informed spatial machine-learning framework in the Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria.</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gabriel Ogbeh (24174177)</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Groundwater quality processes and contaminated land assessment</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Environmentally sustainable engineering</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Global and planetary environmental engineering</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>groundwater vulnerability assessment</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Recharge estimation</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>spatial cross-validation</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Conformal Prediction Multitask prediction</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>explainable machine learning (XAI)</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;This dataset supports the study &lt;b&gt;“Seasonal recharge forcing and hydrogeological controls on groundwater contaminant vulnerability: a process-informed spatial machine-learning framework in the Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria.”&lt;/b&gt; It comprises &lt;b&gt;600 groundwater observations from 100 monitoring locations&lt;/b&gt; across five Local Government Areas—Awe, Doma, Keana, Lafia and Obi—sampled during six seasonal campaigns in 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;The dataset integrates groundwater hydrochemical measurements with temporally matched environmental predictors, including antecedent precipitation, soil moisture, runoff, hydrogeomorphological variables and land-cover indicators. The principal contaminants modelled are &lt;b&gt;Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As&lt;/b&gt;. Associated modelling outputs include grouped and spatial cross-validation results, hierarchical H1–H4 predictor evaluations, explainability metrics, spatial prediction surfaces, and uncertainty-supported benchmark-exceedance products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;The dataset was developed to support reproducible analysis of seasonal recharge forcing, contaminant-specific groundwater vulnerability, spatial transferability and predictive uncertainty in the Middle Benue Trough.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2026-10-01T05:10:10Z</dc:date>
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          <dc:rights>CC BY 4.0</dc:rights>
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