2026-10-11T21:19:27Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34038093 2026-10-01T04:24:40Z category_173 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_10_2026

Table 1_Association pathways between AI training recommendation dependence and athletes’ psychological characteristics related to autonomous judgment.docx Xiaogan Chen (25151625) Applied Psychology AI training recommendation dependence body signal outsourcing sense of self-regulation training decision hesitation training self-efficacy Introduction<p>While AI-generated training recommendations may enhance the scientific rigor of competitive sports training, their use may also be associated with athletes’ autonomy in interpreting bodily states and making training decisions. Drawing on cognitive offloading theory, self-determination theory, and the appropriate reliance framework, this study examined a serial association model linking AI training recommendation dependence, body signal outsourcing tendency, reduced sense of self-regulation, training decision hesitation, and reduced training self-efficacy.</p>Methods<p>Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected from 381 athletes. The hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling, bootstrap analyses of indirect associations, and multigroup analyses comparing athletes in physical-dominant and skill-dominant sports.</p>Results<p>AI training recommendation dependence was significantly and positively associated with body signal outsourcing tendency, which was, in turn, positively associated with a reduced sense of self-regulation. A reduced sense of self-regulation was positively associated with training decision hesitation, which was further positively associated with reduced training self-efficacy. Bootstrap analyses identified a significant serial indirect association between AI training recommendation dependence and reduced training self-efficacy through body signal outsourcing tendency, reduced sense of self-regulation, and training decision hesitation. Multigroup analyses further indicated that the positive association between AI training recommendation dependence and body signal outsourcing tendency was stronger among athletes in physical-dominant sports than among those in skill-dominant sports.</p>Discussion<p>The findings reveal a continuous pattern of statistical associations linking AI training recommendation dependence with body signal outsourcing tendency, reduced sense of self-regulation, training decision hesitation, and reduced training self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining athletes’ bodily awareness and capacity for autonomous decision-making when integrating AI-generated recommendations into competitive sports training.</p> 2026-10-01T04:24:40Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1918082.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Association_pathways_between_AI_training_recommendation_dependence_and_athletes_psychological_characteristics_related_to_autonomous_judgment_docx/34038093 CC BY 4.0