2026-10-15T13:50:00Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34036783 2026-09-30T20:06:23Z category_4 category_7 category_12 category_13 category_14 category_21 category_873 category_734 category_61 category_62 category_64 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Rationally Designed Ru(II) Complex with Dual Type I/II ROS Generation for Hypoxia-Tolerant Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Xueling Li (504256) Yue Zhang (30585) Yan Huang (46805) Weixia Qing (6095978) Yong Wang (12837) Pengtao Ma (779212) Biochemistry Medicine Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Developmental Biology Marine Biology Cancer tpy )< sub pdt ), relying observed systemic toxicity localized irradiation resulted intratumoral administration followed induced pdt resistance 2 </ sub ros production efficiency hypoxic tumor microenvironment dependent ros pathways tt efficiently generated tolerant photodynamic therapy tolerant pdt agents tt circumvents hypoxia enable dual type melanoma via hypoxia ii ros generation rationally designed ru rationally designed tumor volume ros ). dual type developing hypoxia work provides upon photoactivation terpyridine ruthenium target effects syngeneic c57bl superoxide anion refractory melanoma quantitatively evaluated melanoma imposes findings demonstrate critical limitation antitumor efficacy 500 nm 10 days The hypoxic tumor microenvironment of melanoma imposes a critical limitation on conventional type II photodynamic therapy (PDT), relying on oxygen for the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). To overcome this challenge, a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) bis-terpyridine ruthenium(II) complex, Ru(tpy)₂TT, was rationally designed and synthesized to enable dual type I/II ROS generation. The ROS production efficiency was quantitatively evaluated in B16 murine melanoma cells, and the antitumor efficacy was assessed in a syngeneic C57BL/6N mouse melanoma model. Upon photoactivation at 500 nm, Ru(tpy)₂TT efficiently generated both superoxide anion (type I ROS) and singlet oxygen (type II ROS). Intratumoral administration followed by localized irradiation resulted in an 80% reduction in tumor volume after 10 days, with no observed systemic toxicity or off-target effects. These findings demonstrate that Ru(tpy)₂TT circumvents hypoxia-induced PDT resistance in melanoma via hypoxia-tolerant and oxygen-dependent ROS pathways, establishing its potential as a targeted precision antitumor agent. Furthermore, this work provides a generalizable molecular design strategy for developing hypoxia-tolerant PDT agents for refractory melanoma. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6c04054.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Rationally_Designed_Ru_II_Complex_with_Dual_Type_I_II_ROS_Generation_for_Hypoxia-Tolerant_Photodynamic_Therapy_in_Melanoma/34036783 CC BY-NC 4.0