2026-10-12T15:24:48Z
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2026-09-30T17:40:04Z
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<p>A. The mean of each item in the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Short Form) by parenting profiles.</p>
Xiaoye Xu (24729115)
Lauren C. Shuffrey (11209773)
Leslie D. Leve (7832714)
Alexandra D. W. Sullivan (11827644)
Nissa Towe-Goodman (25144963)
Margaret M. Swingler (16907916)
Jean A. Frazier (7116344)
Isha Jalnapurkar (13984749)
Sohye Kim (11018175)
Alexis Hernandez (90517)
Amy J. Elliott (8995469)
Qi Zhao (124612)
Daniel P. Keating (25144966)
Greta N. Wilkening (25144969)
Chiaying Wei (25144972)
Cindy O. Trevino (18823763)
Santiago Morales (11980476)
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Evolutionary Biology
Sociology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
whereas inconsistent discipline
utilized path analyses
symptom levels increasing
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three profiles differed
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three parenting profiles
parenting behaviors play
individual parenting dimensions
child psychopathology risk
parenting profiles
identify profiles
children ’
broader profiles
positive parenting
externalizing behaviors
specific dimensions
socioemotional development
single investigation
prior research
positively related
poorer supervision
poor supervision
negatively related
medium supervision
examine links
echo cohort
dimension level
current study
critical role
caregiving environment
better supervision
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<p>The horizontal axis displays the individual items from the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire short form, grouped by subscale. The vertical axis represents the mean score for each item, where higher values indicate a greater frequency of the behavior. Distinct colored bars represent the identified parenting profiles. Error bars represent 95 percent confidence intervals. <b>B. matrix of parenting profiles by dimension level of Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ).</b> This matrix maps the intersections between the identified person-centered parenting profiles and their corresponding levels across the individual APQ subscales. This visualization highlights the multi-dimensional caregiving patterns that differentiate each distinct subgroup of parents.</p>
2026-09-30T17:40:01Z
Image
Figure
10.1371/journal.pone.0356078.g001
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_A_The_mean_of_each_item_in_the_Alabama_Parenting_Questionnaire_Short_Form_by_parenting_profiles_p_/34035732
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