2026-10-12T18:19:47Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34034521 2026-09-30T17:25:54Z category_7 category_21 category_106 category_132 category_134 category_135 portal_5 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

<p>STROBE statement.</p> Luis Carmona-Rosado (25145035) Julia Díez (3424562) Pedro Gullón (3424556) Elisa Buenaga (25145038) Ana Moragues-Faus (19281997) José Manuel Díaz-Olalla (25145041) Luisa N. Borrell (3073902) Manuel Franco (3424547) Medicine Biotechnology Science Policy Infectious Diseases Virology Computational Biology socioeconomically diverse sample sectional survey conducted robust standard errors household food insecurity disproportionately affects households consuming ssb daily less frequent consumption estimate odds ratios estimate prevalence ratios children &# 8217 xlink "> overall 12 years living interventions addressing hfi never consuming fruits children experienced hfi xlink "> hfi dietary intake outcomes xlink "> 12 years higher odds frequent intake higher prevalence dietary intake sweetened beverages supporting access study assessed reported information related outcomes particularly vulnerable mediterranean settings increasingly prevalent healthy foods findings underscore family affluence confidence intervals analyzed data adverse diet 76 ). 48 ). 31 ), 13 ), <div> <p>Background</p><p>Household food insecurity (HFI) is increasingly prevalent and disproportionately affects households with children, who may be particularly vulnerable to adverse diet-related outcomes. However, evidence on the association between HFI and these outcomes in Mediterranean settings is scarce. This study assessed the association between HFI, dietary intake, and weight status in a socioeconomically diverse sample of children aged 3–12 years living in Madrid, Spain.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>We analyzed data from a citywide cross-sectional survey conducted in Madrid in 2017 (n = 5,144), including objective anthropometric measurements (height and weight) of children aged 3–12 years, and parent-reported information on HFI and children’s intake of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). We fitted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for overweight and obesity, and multinomial logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for dietary intake outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p> <p>Results</p><p>Overall, 18.1% of children experienced HFI. After adjustment for age, sex, and family affluence, HFI was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight (PR  =  1.17; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.31), but not obesity (PR  =  1.20; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.48). Experiencing HFI was also associated with higher odds of never consuming fruits (OR= 1.81; 95% CI:1.25, 2.64) or vegetables (OR= 3.23; 95% CI: 2.03, 5.13), and of consuming SSB daily (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.01,2.76). Moreover, we found stronger associations among girls; however, we only observed evidence of interaction by sex for fruit consumption.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>HFI was associated with a less frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, a more frequent intake of SSBs, and a higher prevalence of overweight. Our findings underscore the need for policies and interventions addressing HFI and supporting access to healthy foods, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged households with children.</p></div> 2026-09-30T17:25:44Z Text Journal contribution 10.1371/journal.pone.0358967.s008 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_p_STROBE_statement_p_/34034521 CC BY 4.0