2026-10-12T12:06:05Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34034313 2026-09-30T17:23:39Z category_4 category_272 category_873 category_502 category_45 category_734 category_133 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

<p>OxCal output CSV for VIF27.</p> Xiaoli He (139890) Changqing Fu (14764849) Jiaming Niu (25145007) Shargan Wangdue (8546130) Zhijian Cao (316956) Jianlin Zhang (440945) Biochemistry Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified Sociology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Plant Biology white temple phase watchtower viii d2 systematic framework provides study integrates ams sampling prioritized short robust empirical foundation resolution construction chronology outermost growth layers lived annual plants late defensive phase intcal20 calibration curve guge ancient city ensure chronological precision early construction phase div >< p 12 plant specimens late 18th century late 15th century 14 </ sup 16th century wood effect western tibet vif27 complex tibetan texts regional conflicts radiocarbon data production closely processed using prayer texts political transformations mural inscriptions literary research key structures independent historical first high diameter timber buddha statues bayesian modeling architectural evolution 1560 ce <div><p>This study integrates AMS ¹⁴C dating of 12 plant specimens, Bayesian modeling, and Tibetan texts to establish the first high-resolution construction chronology for key structures of the Guge ancient city in western Tibet. To ensure chronological precision and mitigate the old-wood effect, sampling prioritized short-lived annual plants and the outermost growth layers of small-diameter timber. Radiocarbon data were processed using the IntCal20 calibration curve and constrained by independent historical <i>termini ante quos</i> derived from mural inscriptions and prayer texts. The findings delineate three primary developmental phases: an Early Construction Phase (mid-to-late 15th century) encompassing the VIF27 complex, dated to 1457–1471 CE; a White Temple Phase (mid-16th century) focused on Buddha statues, which ended between 1556 and 1560 CE; and a Late Defensive Phase (mid-17th to late 18th century) involving the reinforcement of Watchtower VIII D2 (1661–1813 CE), possibly in response to regional conflicts. Notably, the use of herbaceous samples successfully resolved the 16th-century calibration plateau ambiguities, aligning the production closely with the reign of King Jig rten dbang phyug. This systematic framework provides a robust empirical foundation for understanding the architectural evolution and socio-political transformations of the Guge Kingdom.</p></div> 2026-09-30T17:23:36Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.pone.0353853.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_OxCal_output_CSV_for_VIF27_p_/34034313 CC BY 4.0