2026-10-14T21:33:33Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34033374 2026-09-30T15:12:02Z category_1 category_4 category_146 category_7 category_39 category_734 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Biocompatibility of Human Fibroblast Cells Exposed to Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Environmentally Friendly Route Wellington Vieira de Souza (23319950) Keilla Gomes Machado (25144599) Francine Girardello (25144602) Amanda Poletto Santi (23319947) Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman (25144605) Daniel Ramos Louzada (25144608) Rubem L. Sommer (25144611) Fernando Joel Scariott (25144614) Rônei de Almeida Aragão (25144617) Cesar Aguzzoli (4986020) Mariana Roesch-Ely (6380366) Biophysics Biochemistry Space Science Medicine Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified solid powder substrate powdered solid substrates moderate stability according induce initial apoptosis could directly harm cell death metabolism indirect immunofluorescence tests ml ), possibly magnetron sputtering technique environmentally clean processes producing biocompatible aunps gold nanoparticles synthesized magnetron sputtering biological tests gold nanoparticles ζ potential zeta potential thoroughly investigated spherical nanoparticles several biotechnology potentially applied physical method ones presented molecular levels minimal concentrations innovative top higher frequency health applications first characterized evaluate cytotoxicity environmental hazards cytotoxic activity cost method chemical waste absorption peak 537 nm 5 cells 20 μg Green toxicology emphasizes the need for safe, efficient, and environmentally clean processes for the production and manipulation of AuNPs. Given the significant concerns regarding health and environmental hazards, the biocompatibility of AuNPs must be thoroughly investigated at both cellular and molecular levels. Here, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by magnetron sputtering on a solid powder substrate through a new and innovative top-down physical method, which is free of chemical waste that could directly harm the environment. The nanoparticles were first characterized by UV/vis, DLS, Zeta potential, TEM and SAXS, and biological tests were further performed to evaluate cytotoxicity and cell death metabolism. Characterization of AuNPs revealed an absorption peak at 537 nm, with moderate stability according to the ζ potential. Transmission electron microscopy evidenced a higher frequency of spherical nanoparticles with diameters around 15–20 nm. These results were consistent to the ones presented by SAXS, in which a polymeric outer core–shell was seen in spherical AuNPs. The biological results demonstrated biocompatibility of AuNP, presenting no cytotoxic activity after 24–48 h of exposure at up to 20 μg/mL against MRC-5 cells. Gold nanoparticles were able to induce initial apoptosis only at higher concentrations (>35 μg/mL), possibly through the accumulation of AuNPs in autophagosomes, as observed in indirect immunofluorescence tests. This work was effective in producing biocompatible AuNPs, using the magnetron sputtering technique on powdered solid substrates, standing out as a clean, fast, and low-cost method. Additionally, AuNPs can be potentially applied at minimal concentrations, boosting the use in several biotechnology and health applications. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsomega.6c06962.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Biocompatibility_of_Human_Fibroblast_Cells_Exposed_to_Gold_Nanoparticles_Synthesized_by_Environmentally_Friendly_Route/34033374 CC BY-NC 4.0