2026-10-14T04:39:04Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34032092 2026-09-30T12:03:40Z category_7 category_8 category_13 category_16 category_873 category_46 category_734 category_64 category_122 category_132 category_135 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Electrochemical Cytokine Profiling Reveals Dual Immunomodulatory Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in THP‑1 Macrophages Victoria A. Federico (25143731) Hannah A. Richards (25143734) Julie A. Talbert (17380584) Jocelyn R. Leal (25143737) Jennifer A. Gaddy (7023797) Steven D. Townsend (1903363) David E. Cliffel (1432483) Medicine Microbiology Genetics Physiology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Immunology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Cancer Mental Health Infectious Diseases Computational Biology tumor necrosis factor modulate inflammatory pathways lps stimulated macrophages inflammation associated complications human milk oligosaccharides electrochemical biosensing platforms 1 macrophages stimulated cellular inflammatory responses altering cytokine expression cytokine responses cytokine secretion sensitive assessment microphysiological systems mbesa ). lipopolysaccharides using key mediators including interleukin immunomodulatory properties immune signaling immune regulation future studies bioactive carbohydrates antibiofilm functions Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive carbohydrates that govern host–microbe interactions and immune regulation. Beyond their antimicrobial and antibiofilm functions, HMOs have been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways by altering cytokine expression, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are key mediators in infection and inflammation associated complications. In this study, we characterize the effects of HMOs on cytokine secretion in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides using a validated magnetic bead electrochemical sandwich assay (MBESA). The electrochemical assay enabled precise quantification of cytokine responses and revealed that HMO treatment attenuated proinflammatory signaling in LPS stimulated macrophages. These findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory properties of HMOs and demonstrate the utility of electrochemical biosensing platforms for rapid, sensitive assessment of cellular inflammatory responses. Future studies will expand this approach to microphysiological systems to further elucidate HMO mediated regulation of immune signaling. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6c00388.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Electrochemical_Cytokine_Profiling_Reveals_Dual_Immunomodulatory_Effects_of_Human_Milk_Oligosaccharides_in_THP_1_Macrophages/34032092 CC BY-NC 4.0