2026-10-12T19:30:05Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34031230 2026-09-30T10:11:54Z category_1 category_146 category_13 category_16 category_21 category_873 category_734 category_61 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Nanoconfined Bi₂Se₃@Carbon-Tube Inbuilt Heterointerface for Highly Stable Flexible Multimodal Sensor Mengdi Lu (5243846) Yuanyuan Bai (194953) Shuang Xia (290415) Shengzhao Li (14981023) Ju Bai (6109346) Ting Zhang (102583) Tie Li (1481803) Biophysics Space Science Genetics Physiology Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Developmental Biology stable ink dispersion six similar cups multimodal response behaviors mechanically protective sheath inbuilt heterostructure architecture grown inside bamboo externally decorated bct derived flexible devices continuous carrier pathway bct shell serves durable robotic perception tube inbuilt heterointerface photoinduced carrier transport like carbon tubes fold higher ), 2 </ sub internally nanoconfined bi 3 </ sub fold higher robotic finger nanoconfined bi uniform spray typically deposited tube hybrid single device signal drift repeated deformation product forms optical appearance identified accuracy functional components efficient heterointerfaces conductive networks coated films bcts ). 130 days Flexible sensors normally require highly stable structural interfaces to sense various signals continuously and steadily under repeated deformation. Especially, for carbon-tube-derived flexible devices, however, functional components are typically deposited on the exterior of conductive networks, where they disrupt tube–tube contacts and leave active interfaces vulnerable to aggregation, delamination, and signal drift. Here, we report an internally nanoconfined Bi₂Se₃@carbon-tube hybrid with an inbuilt heterostructure architecture, in which Bi₂Se₃ is grown inside bamboo-like carbon tubes (BCTs). The BCT shell serves as both a continuous carrier pathway and a mechanically protective sheath, while the built-in Bi₂Se₃–carbon interface enables stable thermoelectric and photoinduced carrier transport. Compared with the externally decorated BCT@Bi₂Se₃, the product forms a more stable ink dispersion (over 130 days) and uniform spray-coated films, and the derived flexible sensor displays superior bending-piezoresistive (over 3000 cycles), thermoelectric (7-fold higher), and photoelectric (3.4-fold higher) multimodal response behaviors in a single device. Furthermore, mounted on a robotic finger, the sensor provides complementary descriptors of material, geometry, and optical appearance, showing an identified accuracy of 100% for six similar cups by fusing these signals to a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model. This internal encapsulation strategy converts fragile hybrid interfaces into protected, transport-efficient heterointerfaces for durable robotic perception. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsnano.6c15254.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Nanoconfined_Bi_sub_2_sub_Se_sub_3_sub_Carbon-Tube_Inbuilt_Heterointerface_for_Highly_Stable_Flexible_Multimodal_Sensor/34031230 CC BY-NC 4.0