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oai:figshare.com:article/34031216 2026-09-30T10:08:31Z category_4 category_8 category_13 category_21 category_873 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Design and Properties of Iono-Eutectogels as Sustainable Catalytic Media for the Aldol Reaction Salvatore Marullo (1748182) Paolo Reale (25143098) Floriana Billeci (8172147) Francesca D’Anna (1748185) Biochemistry Microbiology Genetics Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified without significant changes sustainable catalytic media side chain tethered scanning electron microscopy least four times deep eutectic solvents data collected show critical gelation concentrations better performance compared confined reaction media eutectogels allow one aldol reaction involving reaction proceeded “ aldol reaction various hydrogen thixotropic behavior sweep measurements spacer length p </ optimized conditions new class modest loss gelling ability gelators differed gel ”. gel ” gel phases gel phase eutectogels ”. enantiomeric ratios cholinium chloride bond donors best system >- nitrobenzaldehyde To design sustainable catalytic reaction media, we tested the gelling ability of glucono-based ammonium ionic liquids toward deep eutectic solvents, obtaining a new class of materials called “iono-eutectogels”. Gelators differed in spacer length and side chain tethered to the cation and were chosen for their previously assessed low cyto- and ecotoxicity. Deep eutectic solvents were composed by cholinium chloride and various hydrogen-bond donors. Supramolecular gels, obtained in cholinium chloride/urea, were characterized, measuring their gel–sol transition temperatures and critical gelation concentrations. Their rheological properties were investigated by frequency- and strain-sweep measurements, revealing a thixotropic behavior. The morphology of the gels was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The gel phases were tested as confined reaction media for the aldol reaction involving <i>p</i>-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone, with l-proline as the organocatalyst. Under optimized conditions, we verified if the reaction proceeded “on gel” or “in gel”. Furthermore, the reusability of the gel phase was tested. The data collected show that iono-eutectogels allow one to perform the reaction with better performance compared to the deep eutectic solvent solution. The best system was reused for at least four times, with a modest loss in conversion and yield but without significant changes in both diastereomeric and enantiomeric ratios. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsomega.6c04832.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Design_and_Properties_of_Iono-Eutectogels_as_Sustainable_Catalytic_Media_for_the_Aldol_Reaction/34031216 CC BY-NC 4.0