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Eugenol-Functionalized
Bovine Bone Substitutes for
Potential Osteogenic Applications
K. G. Aghila Rani (20573018)
Vellore Kannan Gopinath (25142322)
Savitha Suresh (25142325)
Ali Al Qabbani (15187970)
Sausan Al Kawas (10580214)
Natarajan Chandrasekaran (407948)
Ab Rani Samsudin (19112643)
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Physiology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Ecology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
reducing oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species
mitigating oxidative stress
highlighting potential use
enhanced osteoinductive potential
decellularization employing physicochemical
comparable elemental profiles
chitosan functionalization enhanced
potential osteogenic applications
milling dcc scaffolds
chitosan functionalized dcc
chitosan particulates
osteogenic differentiation
α </
western blotting
viable across
tnf </
time pcr
study explored
significant increase
raman spectroscopy
protein levels
promoting osteogenesis
level necrosis
integrating β
inflammatory responses
il </
homogenized composites
hfob 1
enzymatic procedures
comprehensively assessed
calcium mineralization
c –
bovine bones
bone substitutes
biological performance
based viability
alkaline phosphatase
6 </
1β </
19 cells
1000 μg
The study explored
the role of eugenol-functionalized
bovine bone
substitutes in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis
in vitro. Bovine bones were subjected to decellularization employing
physicochemical and enzymatic procedures to prepare decellularized
bovine bone scaffolds (DCC). Eugenol-chitosan functionalized DCC (ECF-DCC)
bone substitutes were fabricated by ball-milling DCC scaffolds, spray-drying
eugenol-chitosan particulates, integrating β-TCP, and lyophilizing
the homogenized composites. ECF-DCC were comprehensively assessed
by SEM-EDS, RAMAN spectroscopy, and osteoblast-based viability, apoptosis,
reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, osteogenic differentiation
[alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mineralization], real-time PCR, and Western
blotting. RAMAN spectroscopy confirmed successful eugenol functionalization
of DCC substitutes, evidenced by characteristic aromatic CC
and C–O vibrational peaks alongside preserved phosphate signatures.
SEM–EDS revealed rough substitutes in 500–750 μm
size with comparable elemental profiles. hFOB 1.19 cells were viable
across all concentrations, with no significant increase in apoptosis,
although a low-level necrosis was observed at 1000 μg/mL. ECF-DCC
significantly reduced ROS generation compared to DCC. Gene expression
analysis showed that ECF-DCC markedly reduced key proinflammatory
cytokines including <i>IL</i>-<i>6</i>, <i>IL</i>-<i>1β</i>, and <i>TNF</i>-<i>α</i>. Both formulations enhanced osteogenic differentiation,
with ECF-DCC inducing superior upregulation of RUNX2, OC, Col1, and
BMP-7 at mRNA and protein levels. ECF-DCC substitutes also showed
highest ALP activity and calcium mineralization, confirming their
enhanced osteoinductive potential. Eugenol-chitosan functionalization
enhanced the biological performance of DCC substitutes by reducing
oxidative stress and inflammatory responses while significantly promoting
osteogenic differentiation, highlighting potential use as improved
osteoinductive bone substitutes.
2026-09-30T00:00:00Z
Text
Journal contribution
10.1021/acsomega.6c06432.s001
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Eugenol-Functionalized_Bovine_Bone_Substitutes_for_Potential_Osteogenic_Applications/34030488
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