2026-10-14T11:41:08Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34030225 2026-09-30T06:20:04Z category_146 category_7 category_272 category_734 category_931 category_64 category_69 category_106 category_135 portal_87 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

RAIM availability analysis: LEO-enhanced multi-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo Zhaoyan Li (5693072) Lihong Fan (189817) Decai Zou (24287720) Yunfei Ling (11954272) Ruiyao He (9426597) Zhen Jiang (846105) Rui Zhang (13940) Junqiang Han (24375078) Siyao Wang (1468693) Space Science Medicine Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified Cancer Inorganic Chemistry Science Policy Computational Biology RAIM availability LEO satellite enhancement GNSS protection levels <p>GNSS is vital for safety-critical positioning but vulnerable to space-environment disruptions. LEO navigation signals enhance integrity and reliability. This study investigates LEO’s impact on Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring availability for single/dual-frequency GPS, BDS, and Galileo. Using real GNSS data from 18 MGEX stations and simulated LEO data on 10 January 2022, we demonstrate that LEO integration improves availability under degraded GNSS. Horizontal/Vertical Protection Level decrease by 10–45 m and 17–85 m. Non-Precision Approach availability rises to 10%, with dual-frequency Galileo from 86.54% to 96.27%. Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance-I availability rises to 21%, with single-frequency GPS from 5.49% to 27.4%.</p> 2026-09-30T06:20:04Z Text Journal contribution 10.6084/m9.figshare.34030225.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/RAIM_availability_analysis_LEO-enhanced_multi-frequency_GPS_BDS_Galileo/34030225 CC BY 4.0