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oai:figshare.com:article/34029964 2026-09-30T05:15:24Z category_4 category_272 category_873 category_61 category_69 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Cobalt-Doped Ag₃PO₄ Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method Daniel Pais Ospina (25141756) Yurimiler Leyet Ruiz (8684823) David Comedi (1722682) Ronaldo Santos da Silva (25141759) Simone Ramos de Castro (25141762) Jéssica Araújo Marques (25141765) Rubens Lucas de Freitas Filho (19961366) Marcos A. Bolson (23265382) Ézio Sargentini-Júnior (23265379) Lázaro Miranda Carvalho (25141768) Oscar Marin-Ramirez (25141771) Francisco Xavier Nobre (17053658) Biochemistry Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Developmental Biology Inorganic Chemistry simulated solar irradiation predominant oxidative species induced local distortion five reuse cycles surface area alone doped silver phosphate showed greater structural 26 × 10 953 – 5 4 </ sub hydrothermal method pristine 3 </ sub dependent antimicrobial activity 2 </ sup 2 </ sub hydrothermal method surface environments 3 mol pristine ag doped ag relaxation pathways reference strains reaching 93 ray diffraction raman modes particle morphology oes confirmed morphological stability lattice parameters hydroxyl radicals highest methylene defect formation co provided co incorporation clinical isolates charge utilization blue removal bandgap absorptions antiphotocorrosion properties antimicrobial properties antimicrobial activity 65 ev 46 ev Pristine and cobalt-doped silver phosphate (Ag₃PO₄) containing nominal Co concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mol % were synthesized by a hydrothermal method to investigate the influence of Co incorporation on structural, optical, photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antiphotocorrosion properties. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed preservation of the cubic Ag₃PO₄ structure, while variations in lattice parameters, Raman modes, particle morphology, and surface chemical states indicated Co-induced local distortion and defect formation. EDX and ICP-OES confirmed the presence of cobalt, whereas XPS revealed modifications in the Ag and O surface environments. The fundamental optical bandgaps ranged from 2.37 to 2.46 eV, with additional sub-bandgap absorptions at 1.68 and 1.65 eV for AgP:3Co and AgP:5Co, respectively. Progressive photoluminescence quenching demonstrated that Co strongly modifies charge-relaxation pathways. Despite their low BET surface areas (0.953–5.608 m² g^–1), the doped materials displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity, showing that performance was not controlled by surface area alone. AgP:3Co exhibited the highest methylene-blue removal under simulated solar irradiation, reaching 93.26% after 20 min, with 120.26 × 10^–3 min^–1 and <i>t</i>_1/2 = 5.76 min. Scavenger experiments identified photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals as the predominant oxidative species. After five reuse cycles, AgP:3Co retained approximately 87% activity and showed greater structural and morphological stability than pristine Ag₃PO₄. All samples also exhibited strain-dependent antimicrobial activity against reference strains and clinical isolates. Overall, 3 mol % Co provided the most favorable balance among defect chemistry, charge utilization, photocatalytic efficiency, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to photocorrosion. 2026-09-30T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsomega.6c06289.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Photocatalytic_and_Antimicrobial_Properties_of_Cobalt-Doped_Ag_sub_3_sub_PO_sub_4_sub_Synthesized_by_Hydrothermal_Method/34029964 CC BY-NC 4.0