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        <datestamp>2026-09-30T04:50:50Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Supplementary file 1_Land resource misallocation and rural household development resilience in China’s urban–rural transition.docx</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Jinqiong OuYang (25141530)</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Yu He (420536)</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Yihang Hu (16806119)</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Food Packaging, Preservation and Safety</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>environmental risk perception</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>income diversity</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>land resource misallocation</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>rural household development resilience</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>urban–rural transformation</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Market-oriented land allocation is central to rural development, household welfare, and food system stability in developing countries, yet spatial governance failures in China’s urban–rural transition raise concerns about how land resource misallocation, the price distortion between industrial and commercial/residential land created by local governments’ land-driven development strategy, affects rural household development resilience, defined as the ability of households to resist risks, adapt to changes, and achieve sustainable recovery in the face of external shocks, and who is left behind. Few studies have rigorously examined the link between misallocation and resilience, tested income diversity as a channel, or explored environmental perception as a moderator. Using China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data (2012–2022) and provincial land transaction records, this study constructs household-level development resilience measures and employs two-way fixed effects, mediation, and moderation models to examine the association between land resource misallocation and rural household development resilience. The findings are as follows. (1) Land resource misallocation is robustly negatively associated with household development resilience; a one-unit increase in misallocation is associated with a 0.002-unit reduction in resilience, robust to instrumental variable estimation and multiple robustness checks. (2) Income diversity plays a partial mediating role, but its effect is paradoxical: land resource misallocation nominally increases the number of income sources, yet does so by displacing stable property and operating income with low-end precarious employment, creating a “false diversity” of more sources but lower quality that ultimately weakens rather than strengthens resilience. (3) Environmental risk perception positively moderates this relationship; the negative association weakens as environmental risk perception rises, consistent with an interpretation of perception as cognitive adaptive capacity. (4) The negative association is more pronounced among households with higher education, higher dependency ratios, agricultural employment, and exclusion from land transfer markets. These findings highlight that land governance reforms must move beyond factor allocation efficiency to incorporate livelihood ability, food-access capacity, and household development resilience goals.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2026-09-30T04:50:50Z</dc:date>
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          <dc:identifier>10.3389/fsufs.2026.1933343.s001</dc:identifier>
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