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oai:figshare.com:article/34026457 2026-09-29T17:31:32Z category_4 category_12 category_13 category_14 category_15 category_16 category_873 category_39 category_106 category_46 category_61 category_122 category_135 portal_5 item_type_1 month_year_09_2026

LA accumulation enhances pathogen avoidance. Jie Ren (176083) Yu Sang (2551267) Young-Mo Kim (287055) Ernesto S. Nakayasu (156378) Alejandro Aballay (51596) Biochemistry Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Neuroscience Physiology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Science Policy Immunology Developmental Biology Mental Health Computational Biology polyunsaturated fatty acid div >< p caenorhabditis elegans </ brain transcriptional circuit enhances pathogen avoidance 68 suppresses activation la restores avoidance avoidance circuit dependent pathogen 3 </ 2 </ p38 mapk neuron communication la synthesis immune outputs foxo pathways findings identify elevates la behavioral immunity 68 acts (A) Metabolomic analysis. Animals fed on empty vector or aex-5 RNAi were harvested for metabolomic analysis using GC–MS. The top-ranked differentially abundant metabolites were identified, and their relative expression was plotted in a heatmap. (B) Relative linoleic acid content measured by LC–HRMS in wild-type and nhr-68(gk708) mutant animals is shown as a heatmap; each column represents one of three biological replicates. (C) P. aeruginosa occupancy index in wild-type and nhr-68(gk708) animals treated with vehicle or LA at 8 h and 12 h. The occupancy index was calculated as (Non lawn/Ntotal). LA, linoleic acid. The bars represent the means, while the error bars indicate the SDs of three independent experiments (N = 3; n = 90 animals per condition per experiment); ***p < 0.001. (D) Schematic of the PUFA synthesis pathway in C. elegans, adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3004026#pbio.3004026.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>]. The diagram depicts all known steps in PUFA synthesis as well as the elongase and desaturase enzymes involved. Abbreviations: PA, palmitic acid; PLA, palmitoleic acid; VA, vaccenic acid; SA, stearic acid; OA, oleic acid; LA, linoleic acid; ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; GLA, gamma-linolenic acid; STA, stearidonic acid; DGLA, dihommo gamma-linolenic acid; ETA, eicosatrienoic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid. (E) P. aeruginosa occupancy index in wild-type and nhr-68(gk708) animals treated with vehicle or VA at 8 h and 12 h. The occupancy index was calculated as (Non lawn/Ntotal). VA, vaccenic acid. The bars represent the means, while the error bars indicate the SDs of three independent experiments (N = 3; n = 90 animals per condition per experiment). (F) qRT–PCR analysis of fat-1, fat-2, fat-3 and fat-4 in animals fed on E. coli. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments (N = 3; n = 200 animals per condition per biological replicate). ***p < 0.001, t test. (G) GC–MS analysis of linoleic acid abundance in fat-3 RNAi animals. Animals fed empty vector or fat-3 RNAi were harvested under E. coli or P. aeruginosa conditions and subjected to GC–MS-based metabolomic profiling. (H) Quantification of linoleic acid abundance in control and P. aeruginosa-exposed animals. Data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance. N = 3; n = 2,000 animals per condition per experiment. (I) P. aeruginosa occupancy index of wild-type and nhr-68(gk708) animals fed empty vector control or fat-3 RNAi at 8 h and 12 h. (J) P. aeruginosa occupancy index of wild-type and nhr-68(gk708) animals fed empty vector control or fat-2 RNAi at 8 h and 12 h. The occupancy index was calculated as (Non lawn/Ntotal). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (N = 3; n = 90 animals per condition per experiment). The data underlying this Figure can be found in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3004026#pbio.3004026.s009" target="_blank">S1 Data</a>. 2026-09-29T17:57:38Z Image Figure 10.1371/journal.pbio.3004026.g004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_LA_accumulation_enhances_pathogen_avoidance_p_/34026457 CC BY 4.0