2026-10-12T10:51:35Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34026450 2026-09-29T17:31:28Z category_21 category_873 category_39 category_734 category_61 portal_5 item_type_1 month_year_09_2026

<p>FT-IR spectra of BMO-15.</p> S. Sakthivel (16542647) Manikandan Ayyar (17335164) B. Kabilan (25138338) D. Shanmugapriya (24120666) Z. Mohamed Riyas (25138341) B. Preethi (25138344) B. Archana (9022181) Kartikey Verma (12060862) Asefash Getachew Girma (25138347) Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Developmental Biology vibrational analyses showed sup >&# 8722 div >< p activated carbon electrodes 1399 w kg different reaction times analysed using field 1 </ sup 05 wh kg remarkable energy density mo &# 8211 developed crystalline nanoparticles 531 f g 15 // ac high redox activity hydrothermal reaction time reaction time prepared using hydrothermal process 05 nm power density current density transform infrared thereby giving systematically studied systematic change retaining 90 promising material present work performance supercapacitors next generation maintained 72 initial nuclei initial capacitance growth mechanism formation process fesem ), electrochemical performance electrochemical behaviour discharge cycles dependent samples cycling stability barium molybdate <div><p>The escalating global energy crisis necessitates the development of sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems. In the present work, the barium molybdate (BaMoO₄, BMO) nanoparticles were prepared using a hydrothermal process for different reaction times (5, 10, 15, and 20 h) and the formation process and its effect on the electrochemical behaviour were systematically studied. The structural and vibrational analyses showed that the pure tetragonal phase BMO-15 with an average crystallite size value of 17.05 nm. The characteristic Ba–O and Mo–O bonding was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the presence of uniformly distributed spherical nanoparticles. The time-dependent samples were analysed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which revealed a systematic change in the morphology, from the initial nuclei, to the well-developed crystalline nanoparticles with the reaction time, thereby giving an insight into the growth mechanism. The optimized BMO-15 electrode showed superior specific capacitance of 531 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1 A g⁻¹ with retaining 90% capacity after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 6 A g⁻¹, which revealed its cycling stability. Moreover, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor device (BMO-15//AC) exhibited a remarkable energy density of 33.05 Wh kg⁻¹ and power density of 1399 W kg⁻¹, and it maintained 72% of its initial capacitance after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The electrochemical performance is explained by the structural stability of the tetragonal BMO-15 framework, the high redox activity of the active sites of Mo and the synergistic effect of the BMO-15 and activated carbon electrodes. Based on these results, BMO-15 nanoparticles are shown to be a promising material for the next generation of high-performance supercapacitors which can be considered as a sustainable material.</p></div> 2026-09-29T17:31:20Z Image Figure 10.1371/journal.pone.0354958.g003 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/_p_FT-IR_spectra_of_BMO-15_p_/34026450 CC BY 4.0