2026-10-08T05:02:19Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34025316 2026-09-29T17:14:02Z category_26467 item_type_12 month_year_09_2026

Two Stores, One Power Pack: Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Storage and the Patented Hybrid Power Pack. A Consolidated Scientific Monograph on the Physics, Architecture, Control, Battery Management, Sizing, Safety, Standards and Evidence Hemant Rohera (25115556) Electrical energy storage supercapacitor hybrid energy storage battery management system lithium-ion battery electric vehicle engine cranking Hybrid Power Pack <p dir="ltr">A consolidated monograph on pairing a battery with a supercapacitor (electric double-layer capacitor) and on the patented Hybrid Power Pack architecture (US 10,523,019 B2 and family). It brings together the author's earlier preprints on this subject and adds new chapters.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">It covers the physics of the two stores and their time scales; how a load current divides between them; the reduction of battery Joule heat when the capacitor carries the varying part of the load, expressed through the ratio of the rms to the mean load current; the claimed architecture and a realisation of its switches; controller operating states and energy management; battery management (balancing, protection, integration); five charging inputs; applications ranked by physics; minimum-weight capacitor sizing across twelve applications; cold operation and regenerative braking; self-discharge, heat and life; safety and standards; the test record of HPP hardware; and a list of benefits and of every quantitative claim with its justification.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Every number is labelled as sourced, computed or assumed. Version 1.0, 79 pages, 144 references. Not peer reviewed. The same file is deposited on Zenodo (see Related materials). AI-assisted tools were used in drafting, calculation, figure generation and reference checking; the author reviewed all content and takes full responsibility for it.</p> 2026-09-29T17:14:02Z Text Preprint 10.6084/m9.figshare.34025316.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/preprint/Two_Stores_One_Power_Pack_Battery_Supercapacitor_Hybrid_Storage_and_the_Patented_Hybrid_Power_Pack_A_Consolidated_Scientific_Monograph_on_the_Physics_Architecture_Control_Battery_Management_Sizing_Safety_Standards_and_Evidence/34025316 CC BY 4.0