2026-10-11T13:53:05Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34021106 2026-09-29T04:12:34Z category_146 category_21 category_272 category_873 category_734 category_931 portal_63 item_type_6 month_year_09_2026

Symmetric and Asymmetric Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric Electrodes for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Vittorio Ferrara (6518945) Silvia Orecchio (25135100) Giuseppe Arrabito (2068381) Fabio Principato (25135103) Alessandro Auditore (11561132) Valentina Spampinato (1546753) Antonino Licciardello (2181734) Valeria Vetri (433697) Michelangelo Scopelliti (3354668) Bruno Pignataro (2068378) Space Science Biotechnology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified providing significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency overall device performance multitechnique characterization approach low sheet resistance leading technology due different spectral ranges advanced photovoltaic technologies 13 %, comparable tunable optical bandgap infrared spectral regions collecting top electrode multilayers herein implemented symmetric stacks tend strategy establishes au modulable optical transparency asymmetric design allows transparent top electrodes transparent electrodes top electrodes regions simultaneously optical transparency optical properties asymmetric configurations electrodes maintain asymmetric dielectric versatile multilayers tandem devices systematically investigated successfully integrated selective optimization selected materials reference devices n – light management integrated photovoltaics inherent trade independent modulation generation photovoltaics employing moo electrical conductivity critical bottleneck careful design >< sub 2 ω The design of transparent top electrodes is essential for the implementation of advanced photovoltaic technologies, such as building-integrated photovoltaics, agrovoltaics, and tandem devices. In this context, perovskite solar cells implemented with transparent electrodes can emerge as a leading technology due to their tunable optical bandgap and high power conversion efficiency. However, achieving high transparency remains a critical bottleneck, as top electrodes are typically based on opaque noble metal films. This creates an inherent trade-off between electrical conductivity and optical transparency, which limits the overall device performance. In this work, Au-based dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) multilayers were systematically investigated as top electrodes in both chemically symmetric and asymmetric configurations, employing MoOx and WOx as dielectric layers. Through a multitechnique characterization approach, it was demonstrated that the careful design of the selected materials and thicknesses of the Au-based D/M/D constituting layers enables precise tuning of their optical properties. In particular, changing from symmetric to asymmetric configurations provides additional degrees of freedom for light management, enabling the independent modulation of transmittance in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The symmetric stacks tend to maximize transmittance in both regions simultaneously, and the asymmetric design allows for selective optimization of transparency in the different spectral ranges. The optimized D/M/D electrodes maintain a low sheet resistance of 4.2 Ω/sq, while reaching transmittance maxima higher than 75%, significantly surpassing standard metallic electrodes. The Au-based D/M/D multilayers herein implemented were successfully integrated as a hole-collecting top electrode into n–i–p semitransparent perovskite solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13%, comparable to reference devices, but providing significantly enhanced and modulable optical transparency. This strategy establishes Au-based D/M/D architectures as versatile multilayers for next-generation photovoltaics with finely tunable spectrally selective properties. 2026-09-29T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 10.1021/acsomega.6c07322.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Symmetric_and_Asymmetric_Dielectric_Metal_Dielectric_Electrodes_for_Semitransparent_Perovskite_Solar_Cells/34021106 CC BY-NC 4.0