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oai:figshare.com:article/34009059 2026-09-28T05:22:42Z category_4 category_7 category_12 category_15 category_16 category_19 category_21 category_272 category_46 category_61 category_62 category_122 portal_87 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Subacute oral glyphosate induces dose-dependent renal injury in male mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) Alaa Talal Qumsani (25119675) Mohamed E. Elbeeh (25119678) Biochemistry Medicine Cell Biology Neuroscience Physiology Pharmacology Biotechnology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Immunology Developmental Biology Marine Biology Mental Health Glyphosate nephrotoxicity oxidative stress renal biomarkers lipid peroxidation dose–response risk assessment Mus musculus <p>Glyphosate is the most heavily applied herbicide worldwide and human exposure is now near-ubiquitous, yet its renal toxicity at near-threshold doses remains incompletely characterized. We tested whether subacute oral glyphosate produces integrated, dose-dependent renal injury in male mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>). Adult male mice (n = 10/group) received vehicle or technical-grade glyphosate at 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 28 days, with 50 mg/kg anchored near the chronic NOAEL. Serum renal-function markers, renal oxidative-stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT) and hematoxylin–eosin histopathology were assessed in the same 40 animals. Glyphosate produced coherent, dose-dependent renal injury. At 100 mg/kg, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid rose by 63.5%, 46.9% and 84.7%, with hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and hyperkalaemia; renal MDA increased 2.1-fold while GSH, SOD and CAT fell by 46–51%, and the composite lesion score rose from 0 to 9.5 (median). No endpoint differed from control at 10 mg/kg under the prespecified analysis (one heteroscedastic sensitivity test detected a low-dose MDA increase), whereas significant effects were present at 50 mg/kg. A monotone dose trend was confirmed for every endpoint tested (Jonckheere–Terpstra, FDR-adjusted p < 0.001), and exploratory benchmark doses lay below the 50 mg/kg anchor. These findings indicate dose-dependent renal injury under subacute conditions and warrant duration-matched, both-sex confirmation. The doses studied lie far above realistic human intakes and characterize hazard rather than risk.</p> <p></p><p>Swiss albino mice received technical-grade glyphosate at 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 days.</p><p>Doses were anchored to the regulatory no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL ≈ 50 mg/kg/day).</p><p>Renal function, oxidative-stress markers and histopathology were assessed jointly in the same animals (n = 10 per group).</p><p>Significant functional, redox and structural injury appeared from 50 mg/kg, whereas no statistically detectable adverse effect was observed at 10 mg/kg/day by the primary post-hoc analysis (with an isolated low-dose MDA signal on heteroscedastic sensitivity testing) under this 28-day male-mouse design.</p><p>A monotone dose trend was confirmed for every endpoint tested (Jonckheere–Terpstra, FDR-adjusted p < 0.001; <a target="_blank" href="10.1080/01480545.2026.2726183">Supplementary Table S4</a>), consistent with nephrotoxicity of the active ingredient under the present conditions.</p><p></p> <p>Swiss albino mice received technical-grade glyphosate at 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 days.</p> <p>Doses were anchored to the regulatory no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL ≈ 50 mg/kg/day).</p> <p>Renal function, oxidative-stress markers and histopathology were assessed jointly in the same animals (n = 10 per group).</p> <p>Significant functional, redox and structural injury appeared from 50 mg/kg, whereas no statistically detectable adverse effect was observed at 10 mg/kg/day by the primary post-hoc analysis (with an isolated low-dose MDA signal on heteroscedastic sensitivity testing) under this 28-day male-mouse design.</p> <p>A monotone dose trend was confirmed for every endpoint tested (Jonckheere–Terpstra, FDR-adjusted p < 0.001; <a target="_blank" href="10.1080/01480545.2026.2726183">Supplementary Table S4</a>), consistent with nephrotoxicity of the active ingredient under the present conditions.</p> 2026-09-28T05:22:42Z Dataset Dataset 10.6084/m9.figshare.34009059.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Subacute_oral_glyphosate_induces_dose-dependent_renal_injury_in_male_mice_i_Mus_musculus_i_/34009059 CC BY 4.0