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oai:figshare.com:article/34005579 2026-09-27T20:33:24Z category_24388 category_24367 category_23884 category_24382 item_type_2 month_year_09_2026

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuD/Begomovirus): Evolutionary Dynamics, Vector Transmission Biophysics, and 2026 Reverse-Genetics Infectious Clone Diagnostics Lalit Patil (23013781) Elangovan Marimuthu (25115068) Shaivya Singh (25115059) Halima Khatoon (25115061) Bharat Raj Meena (25115066) Ngawang Namgey (25115069) Plant pathology Virology Agriculture, land and farm management not elsewhere classified Plant cell and molecular biology Cotton Leaf Curl Virus CLCuV CLCuD Begomovirus Betasatellite CLCuMB betaC1; Bemisia tabaci Asia II-1 biotype Electrical Penetration Graph DC-EPG Infectious Clones pCAMBIA2301 Reverse Genetics Koch's Postulates RT-LAMP CRISPR-Cas9 Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium arboreum <p dir="ltr">Summary</p><p dir="ltr">This peer-reviewed audiovisual research monograph and accompanying interactive workbench provide a comprehensive biophysical, evolutionary, and molecular dissection of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) and associated Begomovirus–Betasatellite complexes spanning 1912 through 2026. The production integrates high-definition field cinematography, living vector kinematics, real-time Electrical Penetration Graph (DC-EPG) signal waveforms, rolling-circle DNA replication (RCR), and recent reverse-genetics breakthroughs from ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Chapters & Scientific Scope</p><ol><li>Epidemic Trajectory & Evolutionary Genesis (1912–1993): Historical records from Nigeria (1912) and the Sudan Gezira Scheme (1924) through the devastating 1993 Multan epidemic in northern India and Pakistan, which decimated elite cultivar S-12 (>9 million bales lost). Unmasking the monopartite Begomovirus (CLCuMuV, ~2.75 kb) and circular ssDNA betasatellite (CLCuMB, ~1.35 kb) complex encoding the master pathogenicity suppressor protein βC1.</li><li>Molecular Silencing & Capsid Biophysics: Cryo-EM geminate virion architecture (twin incomplete T=1 icosahedra, 22×38 nm; 22 pentameric capsomers) and ICAR-IARI insights into βC1-mediated dual suppression of Post-Transcriptional (PTGS) and Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS), host methyltransferase (SAHH) inhibition, and 26S ubiquitin-proteasome disruption.</li><li>2001 Burewala Breakdown & Recombination Genetics: Multi-year field surveillance across Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan documenting the inter-species crossing over of CLCuMuV × CLCuKoV into CLCuBuV, and the pathognomonic 99-bp deletion within the CLCuMB βC1 ORF (118 aa → 93 aa), evading host immune surveillance in resistant cultivars (FH-901, CIM-1100, RS-2013).</li><li>Vector Transmission Biophysics & DC-EPG: Bionomics of the predominant indigenous whitefly biotype *Bemisia tabaci* Asia II-1, GroEL endosymbiont capsid protection against hemolymph proteases, cibarial suction pumping (3–5 Hz), and micro-electrometry of stylet penetration waveforms: Pathway C (intercellular probing), Potential Drop (pd, –105 mV intracellular puncture), Phase E1 (salivary injection / phloem inoculation), and Phase E2 (sustained phloem ingestion / acquisition).</li><li>Histopathology & ICAR-CICR Resistance Breeding: Ectopic homeobox WUSCHEL/KNOX gene reactivation driving abaxial foliar enations and 100% boll failure, contrasted with durable introgression of immunity from diploid Asiatic desi cotton (*Gossypium arboreum*) into elite donor germplasm lines (GVS-8, GVS-9).</li><li>May 2026 Infectious Clones & CRISPR Frontiers: Comprehensive presentation of the reverse-genetics milestone published in *Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants* (May 2026, 32(5): 1091–1105, DOI: 10.1007/s12298-026-01752-0) by M. Elangovan, S. Godara, U.K. Bhattacharyya, K.K. Biswas et al. Details the binary vector pCAMBIA2301 harboring a 1.4-mer partial tandem dimer of *Begomovirus gossypikokranense* (CLCuKoV) and a 2.0-mer complete dimer of *Betasatellite gossypimultanense* (CLCuMB), agroinoculation fulfilling Koch's postulates on cotton cvs. HS6 and RST9 alongside *Nicotiana benthamiana*, establishing an insect-free 15-genotype screening platform, complemented by ICAR-CICR 15-minute RT-LAMP and CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of the conserved origin nonanucleotide (5'-TAATATTAC-3').</li></ol><p dir="ltr"><br></p><p dir="ltr">Technical Specifications</p><p dir="ltr">Media File: `Cotton_Leaf_Curl_Virus_Biophysics_and_Diagnostics.mp4`</p><p dir="ltr">Companion Research Workbench: Single-file HTML5/WebGL interactive application with real-time 3D virion exploration, 4-phase DC-EPG waveform simulator, host variety impact switcher, and pCAMBIA2301 reverse-genetics laboratory.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p><p dir="ltr">Primary Benchmark Citation</p><p dir="ltr">Elangovan, M., Godara, S., Bhattacharyya, U.K., ... Biswas, K.K. (2026). Molecular characterization and development of infectious clones of cotton leaf curl disease-associated begomovirus and its betasatellite molecule. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants*, 32(5), 1091–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-026-01752-0</p> 2026-09-27T20:33:24Z Dataset Media 10.6084/m9.figshare.34005579.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/media/Cotton_Leaf_Curl_Virus_CLCuD_Begomovirus_Evolutionary_Dynamics_Vector_Transmission_Biophysics_and_2026_Reverse-Genetics_Infectious_Clone_Diagnostics/34005579 MIT