2026-10-07T19:41:19Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/34004118 2026-09-27T01:40:00Z category_24136 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Predictive value of circulating inflammatory biomarkers for readmission and mortality risk in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Xiaohui Zhu (209362) Xiongyan Zhang (25115241) Analytical biochemistry heart failure with reduced ejection fraction inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 <p dir="ltr">Inflammation may contribute to residual risk in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but its incremental prognostic value in patients receiving background guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) remains uncertain. In this prospective, single-center cohort, 500 adults with chronic HFrEF receiving at least two guideline-recommended drug classes were enrolled, and 454 formed the complete analytic cohort for the 12-month primary analysis. Five prespecified circulating biomarkers—high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15)—were measured at baseline and at protocol-defined follow-up time points. Baseline associations with all-cause death or heart-failure-related rehospitalization were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. During 12 months, 142 of 454 patients (31.3%) experienced the primary endpoint. After adjustment for prespecified clinical covariates and NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, IL-6, sST2, and GDF-15 remained associated with the endpoint, whereas TNF-α did not. An exploratory post hoc model combining the four statistically significant biomarkers increased the apparent C-index from 0.712 to 0.756, with category-free NRI of 0.267 and IDI of 0.058 at 12 months. Serial biomarker findings were treated as descriptive because the final sample could coincide with an endpoint event. These results suggest that selected inflammatory and stress biomarkers contain complementary prognostic information, but external validation, calibration, treatment-adjusted sensitivity analyses, and source-level handling of incomplete follow-up are required before clinical use.</p> 2026-09-27T01:40:00Z Dataset Dataset 10.6084/m9.figshare.34004118.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Predictive_value_of_circulating_inflammatory_biomarkers_for_readmission_and_mortality_risk_in_patients_with_heart_failure_with_reduced_ejection_fraction/34004118 CC BY 4.0