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oai:figshare.com:article/33993172 2026-09-25T05:34:58Z category_87 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Designed residue-based amendments tailored to soil-specific requirements for wheat within an integrated nutrient management framework.docx Adrián González-Guzmán (25107772) Jeús Vela Herrador (25107775) Antonio Navajas (25107778) Vidal Barrón (5492294) Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez (4495396) Soil Science circular economy formulate fertilization mineral inorganic fertilizers residue-based amendments waste recovery soil health Introduction<p>Inorganic fertilizers (IF) remain the most common nutrient source in agriculture due to their high nutrient availability to crops and efficiency. Circular economy strategies through waste recovery can complement them. However, the use of wastes remains challenging because they contain multiple nutrients and potential pollutants. This study aims to demonstrate that using waste-derived soil amendments can reduce the reliance on IF.</p>Methods<p>We compared different treatments: (1) Control (no-fertilized); (2) formulated residue-based amendment (RBA); (3) inorganic fertilizer (IF); and (4) their combination, RBA + IF (50:50), as an integrated nutrient management (INM) strategy. Moreover, the RBAs were specifically designed for each of the four agricultural soils studied to supply equal amounts of N, P, K, and S among the treatments and formulated according to Regulation 1009/2019 (EU). The main soil constraints targeted were texture, pH, organic matter, low P and K availability, and high Mn levels of nutrient availability. Wheat performance was evaluated through germination, SPAD, total biomass, yield, plant nutrition, nutrient use, and physiological efficiency.</p>Results<p>One key result was the significant soil × treatment interaction found with the factorial ANOVA for most variables analyzed, indicating that RBA formulation should therefore be more soil specific. RBA showed the highest increase in yield compared to Control in Soil 1 (97%) and 4 (39%), while IF did it in Soil 2 (223%) and RBA + IF in Soil 3 (183%).</p>Discussion<p>We conclude that the effectiveness of RBA and RBA + IF as alternatives to IF depends on soil-specific formulation and nutrient-release dynamics.</p> 2026-09-25T05:34:58Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fsoil.2026.1955073.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Designed_residue-based_amendments_tailored_to_soil-specific_requirements_for_wheat_within_an_integrated_nutrient_management_framework_docx/33993172 CC BY 4.0