2026-10-12T09:45:53Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33975376 2026-09-23T17:28:01Z category_7 category_734 category_106 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

<p>Test-retest reliability of the EEAS total score.</p> Bhavana Rhythm (25099048) Kanaka Ganapathy (19272349) Archana Gundmi (25099051) Hari Prakash Palaniswamy (19096791) Medicine Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Science Policy visual analogue scale suggesting raw scores strong convergent validity single factor accounting showed elevated infit recently developed questionnaire provided initial support measuring listening effort intraclass correlation coefficient following rigorous forward first residual eigenvalue expert committee review cronbach &# 8217 b >=</ b assessing listening effort 886 ), moderate multidimensional cognitive demands differential item functioning 49 logits ). hearing aid users average person ’ 34 ); q8 100 native kannada 64 – 1 vas ), test 611 ), item targeting excellent test cognitive debriefing 91 ). 90 ). 00 ). xlink "> validated version valid tool unidimensional structure though items study aimed specific items slightly easier significant dif scree plot psychometrically validate psychometric validation predominantly non person mean mediated communication may reflect <div> <p>Introduction</p><p>The Extended Effort Assessment Scale (EEAS) is a recently developed questionnaire for measuring listening effort, but a validated version for Kannada speakers is lacking. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the EEAS for the Kannada-speaking adults with hearing loss.</p> <p>Method</p><p>The EEAS was translated into Kannada (EEAS-K) following rigorous forward and back translation, expert committee review and cognitive debriefing. The final EEAS-K was then field-tested with 100 native Kannada-speaking adults with hearing loss (predominantly non-hearing aid users, 92%). Psychometric validation included assessing construct validity via exploratory factor analysis, Rasch analysis using item response theory (IRT), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), convergent validity via a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), test-retest reliability with an Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF).</p> <p>Results</p><p>All 10 EEAS-K items demonstrated acceptable content validity (CVR <b>=</b> 1.00). EFA, guided by eigenvalues and the scree plot, provided initial support for a unidimensional structure, with a single factor accounting for 32.7% of the variance. Rasch analysis supported essential unidimensionality (first residual eigenvalue = 1.90). Nine of 10 items showed acceptable infit MNSQ values (0.64–1.34); Q8 (telephone) showed elevated infit (1.92) and outfit (1.83) values, indicating misfit, which may reflect the unique and multidimensional cognitive demands of technology-mediated communication in this population. Person-item targeting remained within acceptable clinical limits, though items were slightly easier for the average person’s ability (person mean = 0.49 logits). The EEAS-K demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.886), moderate to strong convergent validity with the VAS (r = 0.611), and excellent test-reliability (ICC = 0.91). DIF analysis identified significant gender-based DIF for Q7 and age-based DIF for Q7 and Q8, suggesting raw scores for these specific items should be interpreted with caution across these demographics. No significant DIF was found for hearing-loss-severity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p><p>The EEAS-K is a reliable and valid tool for assessing listening effort in Kannada-speaking adults with hearing loss. The Wright map demonstrates adequate person-item targeting, and the dual-method psychometric approach provides satisfactory measurement evidence supporting clinical and research use.</p></div> 2026-09-23T17:27:47Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.pone.0358439.t006 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Test-retest_reliability_of_the_EEAS_total_score_p_/33975376 CC BY 4.0