2026-10-14T06:30:01Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33971125 2026-09-23T05:49:47Z category_34 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Observing system simulation experiment by integrating multi-source satellite observations.docx Zheng Yufei (9290808) Bo Zhenyu (25094530) Sun Yubao (25094533) Zhang Miao (10267171) Guo Bumin (25094536) Feng Xuan (129437) Qi Xiang (2146690) Environmental Science Bayesian inversion CO2-to-NOx ratio ffCO2 OCO-2/3 satellite remote sensing TROPOMI NO2 WRF-STILT <p>Fine-scale monitoring of urban fossil-fuel CO₂ (ffCO₂) emissions is essential for evaluating mitigation policies and improving carbon accounting systems. Using Dongying, Shandong Province, as a case study, we developed an urban ffCO₂ inversion framework that integrates TROPOMI NO₂ observations, OCO-2/3 XCO₂ observations and WRF-STILT transport simulations. First, a 5 km NO_x flux field was constructed from 2021 TROPOMI NO₂ column densities and WRF wind fields using the flux-divergence method. Monthly prior CO₂-to-NO_x ratios were then derived from the GEMS inventory and used to convert NO_x fluxes into prior ffCO₂ fluxes. Finally, OCO-2/3 observations and XSTILT column footprints were combined in a Bayesian inversion to optimize the CO₂-to-NO_x ratio and derive the posterior ffCO₂ flux field. The TROPOMI-derived NO_x fluxes showed strong spatial heterogeneity in Dongying, with the highest values concentrated around Dongying Port, coastal oil and gas extraction areas and petrochemical industrial parks. The urban area showed lower but clearly structured emissions. The prior monthly CO₂-to-NO_x ratios were stable, ranging from 954.02 to 961.93, whereas the posterior ratios constrained by six OCO-2/3 overpasses ranged from 753 to 987, with a mean of 856.5. The resulting posterior ffCO₂ emission estimate for Dongying was 45.7 Mt yr-1, with a range of 40.2–52.7 Mt yr-1. These results show that the joint use of NO₂ and CO₂ satellite observations can constrain both the spatial structure and magnitude of urban ffCO₂ emissions, providing a methodological reference for carbon emission accounting in industrial cities.</p> 2026-09-23T05:49:47Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fenvs.2026.1950661.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Observing_system_simulation_experiment_by_integrating_multi-source_satellite_observations_docx/33971125 CC BY 4.0