2026-10-13T09:19:22Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33969680 2026-09-23T03:05:23Z category_146 category_12 category_13 category_21 category_272 category_873 category_39 category_734 category_69 portal_63 item_type_2 month_year_09_2026

Pulsed Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of 6PPD‑Q Elicits Concentration-Dependent Delayed Mortality and Prolonged Behavioral Impairment in Rainbow Trout Ruomiao Yang (25092785) Huizhen Li (1522132) Bryan W. Brooks (2052571) Jing You (415799) Space Science Cell Biology Genetics Biotechnology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Inorganic Chemistry suggesting differential disposition prolonged behavioral impairment exceeded levels triggering environmentally relevant concentrations environmentally realistic assessment distinct lethal phenotypes 125 – 1 toxicity pathways influence environmental relevant concentrations driven pulses patterns concentration exposure tests l ), followed four successive pulses exposed rainbow trout 50 </ sub dependent delayed mortality q frequently reached rainbow trout environmental pulses delayed toxicity delayed mortality h pulses four 8 pulsed exposure exposure bioassays urban watersheds urban runoff surface waters significantly lower select salmonids resulting multiple pulsed lc observed across findings demonstrated ecological risk derived exclusively acutely toxic 95 μg 28 μg The tire rubber transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is acutely toxic to select salmonids, yet current risk thresholds are derived exclusively from constant-concentration exposure tests that fail to represent the intermittent, rainfall-driven pulses patterns of urban runoff to surface waters. Here, we exposed rainbow trout to four 8-h pulses of 6PPD-Q at environmental relevant concentrations (0.125–1.95 μg/L), followed by a 14-d recovery period. The resulting multiple-pulsed LC₅₀ (0.28 μg/L) was significantly lower than thresholds from standard constant-exposure bioassays. Notably, substantial delayed mortality occurred during recovery, and environmental pulses of 6PPD-Q frequently reached or exceeded levels triggering such delayed mortality. Distinct lethal phenotypes were observed across the four successive pulses and the recovery period, suggesting differential disposition and/or toxicity pathways influence each stage. Furthermore, surviving fish exhibited significant behavioral impairments even after the 14-d recovery period, indicating prolonged sublethal impacts. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that environmentally realistic pulsed exposure regimes and delayed toxicity are critical yet overlooked components of ecological risk for 6PPD-Q, and should be considered to support more environmentally realistic assessment of 6PPD-Q hazards in urban watersheds. 2026-09-22T00:00:00Z Dataset Media 10.1021/acs.estlett.6c00717.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/media/Pulsed_Exposure_to_Environmentally_Relevant_Concentrations_of_6PPD_Q_Elicits_Concentration-Dependent_Delayed_Mortality_and_Prolonged_Behavioral_Impairment_in_Rainbow_Trout/33969680 CC BY-NC 4.0