2026-10-07T16:28:32Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33963794 2026-09-22T09:53:59Z category_4 category_146 category_7 category_13 category_21 category_873 category_135 portal_87 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for biosensing: synthesis strategies, material properties, and biomarker detection applications Husam Abushar (25089107) Nur Dalila Rizuan (25089110) Subash C. B. Gopinath (19257657) Hanis Farhah Jamahori (25089113) Biochemistry Space Science Medicine Genetics Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Computational Biology Biosensors two-dimensional materials transition metals functional materials biomarker detection <p>Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted interest because of their unique physical, electronic, and optical characteristics. When thinned to a monolayer, several TMDs undergo an indirect-to-direct bandgap transition and exhibit exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. In contrast to graphene and other 2D materials, TMDs possess intrinsic bandgaps, phase-dependent conductivity, and chemically active edge sites, which facilitate efficient signal transduction and selective biomolecular interfacing. This review presents an overview of TMD-based biosensors, systematically correlating material properties and synthesis strategies with device performance and application relevance. Key fabrication approaches, including top-down exfoliation methods and bottom-up thin-film growth are critically discussed with respect to scalability, structural control, and reproducibility. As active sensing elements, TMDs enable real-time detection of individual biomarkers and demonstrate significant potential for point-of-care healthcare devices. This review further provides a technical overview of 2D TMD-based biosensors for the detection of biological targets employing optical, electrical, and electrochemical sensing mechanisms. In addition, current approaches, recent developments, key challenges, and future perspectives for healthcare device applications are discussed.</p> <p>Biosensors are small devices that can detect specific molecules in the body, such as proteins, DNA, or hormones, and are important for the early diagnosis of disease. This review focuses on a class of ultra-thin materials called transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which have unusual electrical and light-related properties that make them well suited for building highly sensitive biosensors. We explain how TMDs are manufactured, how their surfaces can be modified to attach biological recognition molecules, and how they perform when used in electrical, chemical, and light-based sensors to detect biomarkers such as cancer-related proteins, DNA fragments, and hormones. Some TMD-based biosensors can detect these targets at extremely low concentrations, far below what many current clinical tests can achieve, which could enable earlier and more accurate diagnosis. We also discuss the practical challenges that must be overcome, including manufacturing these materials safely, consistently, and at large scale, before they can be used in real hospital or point-of-care settings. This review is intended to help researchers and clinicians understand the current state of TMD-based biosensors and the steps still needed to bring them from the laboratory into everyday healthcare use.</p> 2026-09-22T09:53:59Z Dataset Dataset 10.6084/m9.figshare.33963794.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Two-dimensional_transition_metal_dichalcogenides_for_biosensing_synthesis_strategies_material_properties_and_biomarker_detection_applications/33963794 CC BY 4.0