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oai:figshare.com:article/33962368 2026-09-22T05:41:02Z category_8 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Table 1_Anti-inflammatory effect of a Bacillus halotolerans DY299 strain isolated from Arshan on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced atopic dermatitis in mouse.docx Caixia Deng (15279272) Yan Zhao (58882) Qishi Qishi (25088041) Lei Wang (6656) Lili Bao (735042) Yingsong Chen (6868631) Dezhi Yang (1396210) Microbiology atopic dermatitis Bacillus halotolerans biofilm DY299-CFS MRSA therapeutic effect Introduction<p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is a major contributor to atopic dermatitis (AD), and its rising resistance and virulence underscore the urgent need for novel antimicrobial strategies.</p>Methods<p>In this study, a halotolerant strain designated Bacillus halotolerans DY299 was isolated from Arshan water. The cell-free culture supernatant (DY299-CFS) was prepared and its anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities against MRSA were evaluated in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed in an MRSA-induced AD mouse model, with skin lesion severity, stratum corneum hydration, mast cell infiltration, and cutaneous MRSA colonization examined. Serum levels of IgE, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, whole-genome sequencing of DY299, LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of its supernatant, transcriptomic analysis of skin tissues, and network pharmacology-based target prediction were integrated.</p>Results<p>DY299-CFS demonstrated significant anti-biofilm activity, achieving an inhibition rate of 50.93% and effectively eradicating MRSA biofilm both in vitro and in vivo. Topical DY299-CFS treatment markedly alleviated inflammatory skin lesions, improved stratum corneum hydration, reduced mast cell infiltration, and suppressed cutaneous MRSA colonization in AD mice. ELISA assays revealed that DY299-CFS significantly decreased serum levels of IgE, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17 compared with the model group, indicating concurrent suppression of Th2-type and Th1/Th17-type immune responses.</p>Discussion<p>Multi-omics analysis collectively identified the IL-17 signaling pathway as a key mediator through which DY299-CFS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects against MRSA-induced skin inflammation. Collectively, these findings establish Bacillus halotolerans DY299 as a promising anti-biofilm agent against MRSA and a valuable microbial resource for developing novel therapeutics for biofilm-driven inflammatory skin diseases such as AD, offering a multifaceted strategy that combines direct antimicrobial action with immunomodulatory effects.</p> 2026-09-22T05:41:02Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1929286.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Anti-inflammatory_effect_of_a_Bacillus_halotolerans_DY299_strain_isolated_from_Arshan_on_methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus-induced_atopic_dermatitis_in_mouse_docx/33962368 CC BY 4.0