2026-10-13T02:59:22Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33961336 2026-09-22T04:12:07Z category_16 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Table 5_Effects of carbon dioxide hydrate cryotherapy on knee flexor muscle function recovery trajectory after muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial.docx Rina Watabe (24755105) Daigo Shiozaki (25087153) Kohei Ono (2233906) Kosuke Hirata (718770) Ryota Akagi (306375) Physiology eccentric exercise hamstring muscles maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque muscle stiffness pressure-induced muscle soreness Introduction<p>This study investigated the effects of carbon dioxide hydrate (CDH) cryotherapy on the recovery trajectories of muscle function and physiological markers following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) of the knee flexors.</p>Methods<p>In a randomized parallel-group design, 24 young men were assigned to the CDH, conventional icing (ICE), or non-intervention control (CON) group (n = 8 per group). To induce muscle damage, participants performed 10 sets of eight maximal eccentric contractions of the knee flexors in a prone position (knee joint range: 75°–15° of flexion at 60°/s; 0° = the fully extended anatomical position). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the knee flexors was measured at 30° of knee flexion at baseline (PRE), immediately post-exercise (POST), and at 4.5, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h post-exercise. Secondary outcomes, including thigh circumference, hip joint range of motion (ROM), and hamstring muscle stiffness and pressure-induced soreness were assessed at all time points except POST. A 20-min intervention was administered after each assessment from POST to 72 h.</p>Results<p>Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for PRE values, revealed no significant group × time interactions for changes from PRE in any outcome across post-exercise time points (POST to 168 h for MVIC torque; 4.5 to 168 h for secondary outcomes; p = 0.177–0.914). A significant main effect of group was observed only for hip joint ROM (p = 0.039). Post-hoc comparisons revealed a significantly greater overall reduction from PRE in the CDH group than in the CON group (difference: 10.3°, 95% CI: 3.0° to 17.6°, p = 0.017), with no significant differences between the other group pairs (both p = 0.131). Given the multi-outcome testing, this isolated effect should be interpreted as exploratory.</p>Conclusion<p>Under the present experimental conditions, CDH cryotherapy did not accelerate the recovery of muscle function or attenuate secondary markers following EIMD relative to conventional icing or no intervention.</p> 2026-09-22T04:12:07Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fphys.2026.1924770.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_5_Effects_of_carbon_dioxide_hydrate_cryotherapy_on_knee_flexor_muscle_function_recovery_trajectory_after_muscle_damage_a_randomized_controlled_trial_docx/33961336 CC BY 4.0