2026-10-14T03:01:11Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33956025 2026-09-21T17:27:48Z category_146 category_7 category_272 category_39 category_734 category_106 category_132 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

<p>Direct shear test data English.</p> Yu Wen (303123) Ziling Song (25084509) Yifang Long (25084512) Zhenhua Yao (5492333) Shixiang Xiong (25084515) Wenhong Qian (25084518) Space Science Medicine Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Science Policy Infectious Diseases pit coal mines pit coal mine internal friction angle internal dump slopes direct shear tests assess slope responses average drainage discharge field monitoring recorded 51 × 10 moisture &# 8211 four moisture contents temperature &# 8211 drainage pipes increased 6 %, 23 subzero conditions remained measured elastic modulus div >< p dimensional rainfall analysis 0 %, 17 4 </ sup subzero conditions elastic modulus drainage control field framework 6 mpa 10 kpa 0 %, moisture variation moisture parameters moisture condition temperature natural derived temperature unconfined compression study developed state strength stability assessment results demonstrate region open practical framework middle aquifers level drawdowns integrated experimental induced reductions ice bonding heilongjiang province freezing temperatures enhance frozen <div><p>Internal dump slopes in cold-region open-pit coal mines are subjected to moisture variation, freezing temperatures, rainfall infiltration, and groundwater seepage. This study developed an integrated experimental-numerical-field framework to evaluate these effects for the Chaoyang open-pit coal mine in Heilongjiang Province, China. Unconfined compression and direct shear tests were conducted under four moisture contents of 14.0%, 17.6%, 23.0%, and 26.0% and three temperatures of 23 ± 2°C, −5°C, and −15°C. The measured elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle were incorporated into a three-dimensional GTS NX model to assess slope responses before and after 72 h of rainfall.At room temperature, increasing moisture content reduced the elastic modulus from 1802.4 to 1003.6 MPa and cohesion from 18 to 10 kPa, while the pre-rainfall factor of safety decreased from 1.405 to 1.176. Under subzero conditions, stiffness and cohesion increased because of pore-ice bonding, whereas the internal friction angle varied only modestly and non-monotonically. At −15°C, the post-rainfall factor of safety ranged from 1.478 to 1.537, and rainfall-induced reductions under all subzero conditions remained below 0.60%. Under the room-temperature natural-moisture condition, drainage pipes increased the factors of safety before and after rainfall from 1.221 and 1.184 to 1.413 and 1.384, respectively. Field monitoring recorded an average drainage discharge of 2.51 × 10⁴ m³/day and groundwater-level drawdowns of 12.19 and 9.94 m in the upper and middle aquifers.The results demonstrate that moisture weakens unfrozen dump materials but can enhance frozen-state strength through ice bonding. The integration of laboratory-derived temperature-moisture parameters, three-dimensional rainfall analysis, and field hydraulic validation provides a practical framework for stability assessment and drainage control of cold-region internal dump slopes.</p></div> 2026-09-21T17:27:46Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.pone.0352575.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Direct_shear_test_data_English_p_/33956025 CC BY 4.0