2026-10-14T10:06:56Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33954873 2026-09-21T15:04:59Z category_1 category_146 category_915 category_21 category_873 category_734 category_106 category_135 portal_63 item_type_2 month_year_09_2026

Tough, Adhesive, and Ionically Conductive Hydrogels via Digital Light Processing 3D Printing as Wearable Sensors Jipeng Wang (419413) Yadong Chen (621664) Qifa Gou (25084080) Chang Wu (9081628) Longbiao Yuan (25084083) Zihao Gao (10031649) Jianmin Guo (5739536) Xuelei Wang (469810) Li Ke (688445) Qiang Du (2575387) Tianxing Gong (25084086) Xinwei Liu (634638) Peng Xing (4742343) Biophysics Space Science Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Science Policy Computational Biology wearable sensors photocurable simultaneously achieving printability segmented linear response personalized wearable sensors morse code input maximum gauge factor maintained structural stability digital light processing constructing personalized hydrogel based wearable devices attached wearable applications 100 compression cycles pva ), polyacrylamide gly ), denoted flexible bioelectronic devices 0 – 480 patg recorded electrocardiogram patg hydrogel showed ta ), flexible electrode 480 %, work provides vinyl alcohol tested conditions tensile toughness tensile strength tensile strain noise ratios network strategy mechanical robustness joint motion ionic conductivity fracture strain finger bending electrical conductivity compressive toughness compressive strain commercial electrodes also achieved 550 kj 271 kpa Photocurable, 3D-printable conductive hydrogels hold great promise for personalized wearable sensors and flexible bioelectronic devices. However, current systems still face challenges in simultaneously achieving printability, mechanical robustness, electrical conductivity, and interfacial adhesion. In this study, an ionically conductive hydrogel system based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM), tannic acid (TA), and glycerol (Gly), denoted as PATG, was fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including a fracture strain of 480%, a tensile strength of 271 kPa, and a tensile toughness of 550 kJ m^–3. It also achieved a compressive toughness of 90 kJ m^–3 at 90% compressive strain and maintained structural stability after 100 compression cycles. Furthermore, the PATG hydrogel showed an electrical conductivity of 1.082 S m^–1 and a segmented linear response over 0–480% tensile strain, with a maximum gauge factor of 13.73. Benefiting from its stretchability and ionic conductivity, PATG enabled reliable monitoring of joint motion, finger bending, and Morse code input, while its adhesion and antibacterial properties support skin-attached wearable applications. As a flexible electrode, PATG recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) signals with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 32.62 and 14.73 dB, respectively, showing signal acquisition capability comparable to that of commercial electrodes under the tested conditions. This work provides a multiple-network strategy for constructing personalized hydrogel-based wearable devices. 2026-09-21T00:00:00Z Dataset Media 10.1021/acsapm.6c03246.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/media/Tough_Adhesive_and_Ionically_Conductive_Hydrogels_via_Digital_Light_Processing_3D_Printing_as_Wearable_Sensors/33954873 CC BY-NC 4.0