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oai:figshare.com:article/33920839 2026-09-18T05:44:23Z category_374 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies after rapid weight loss on body mass recovery, hydration status, and performance in combat sports athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx Jianbo Sun (1597285) Huixin Song (14347974) Jingyuan Sun (4730928) Clinical and Sports Nutrition carbohydrate refeeding fluid balance rapid weight gain recovery monitoring urine specific gravity weight cutting weight-category athletes Background<p>Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) is common in weight-category combat sports, but the extent to which post-weigh-in feeding and rehydration restore body mass, hydration, and exercise performance remains uncertain.</p>Objective<p>To quantify post-weigh-in body-mass regain and hydration status and to evaluate nutritional and rehydration strategies and subsequent exercise performance in combat-sport athletes.</p>Methods<p>This review followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261438676). PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 2026. English-language human studies involving RWL or weight making followed by recovery were eligible. Comparable continuous outcomes were pooled using random-effects models with modified Hartung-Knapp confidence intervals; heterogeneous strategy and performance outcomes were synthesized using evidence maps and effect-direction methods.</p>Results<p>Forty studies were included in the main post-weigh-in recovery review. Pooled post-weigh-in body-mass regain was 6.23% of body mass (95% CI 3.74–8.71; k = 11; n = 1504; I² = 99.2%) and 3.71 kg (95% CI 2.45–4.96; k = 12; n = 1451; I² = 98.9%). In five matched cohorts with paired pre-weigh-in and follow-up measurements, RWL was 8.33% of body mass (95% CI 6.17–10.49; n = 179), followed by a median regain of 106.5% of the preceding loss (range 63.2–154.1%). At official weigh-in, pooled mean urine specific gravity (USG) was 1.029 (95% CI 1.025–1.033; k = 3; n = 58; I² = 92.7%). Urine osmolality was reported in seven studies and plasma osmolality in four, but these data were not sufficiently comparable for pooling. Twenty-three performance records from 12 studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. No specific nutritional or rehydration approach had sufficiently homogeneous comparative evidence for a strategy-effect meta-analysis.</p>Conclusion<p>Combat-sport athletes commonly regain substantial body mass after weigh-in, but body-mass regain should not be interpreted as complete rehydration or restored performance readiness. Current strategy-specific evidence is insufficient to identify a superior recovery protocol; standardized, adequately powered trials using multidimensional recovery outcomes are needed.</p>Systematic review registration<p>identifier: CRD420261438676.</p> 2026-09-18T05:44:23Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fnut.2026.1943678.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Effects_of_rehydration_and_nutritional_recovery_strategies_after_rapid_weight_loss_on_body_mass_recovery_hydration_status_and_performance_in_combat_sports_athletes_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_docx/33920839 CC BY 4.0