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Table 1_Association of smoking cessation with late-life frailty risk: the Singapore Chinese health study.docx Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee (12459138) Huiqi Li (765736) Kevin Yiqiang Chua (10721505) Woon-Puay Koh (145456) Molecular Biology frailty healthy ageing older adults smoking cessation tobacco use Objective<p>To examine whether smoking cessation, in terms of duration and age at quitting, was associated with late-life physical frailty.</p>Design<p>Prospective population-based cohort study.</p>Setting<p>Chinese living in Singapore.</p>Participants<p>We analyzed data from 4,574 men (mean baseline age 52.7 years, range 45–65 years) enrolled in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.</p>Measurements<p>Participants self-reported smoking behaviors at four time-points over a 20-year follow-up. Physical frailty was assessed in late life (mean age 73.6 years, range 65–88 years) using a modified Cardiovascular Health Study phenotype, incorporating weakness, slowness, exhaustion and weight loss. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association with frailty.</p>Results<p>Persistent smokers had higher odds of frailty compared to never smokers (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.76). Those who had quit smoking within 10 years before frailty assessment also had increased odds (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.86–2.01), albeit not statistically significant. The OR (95% CI) was attenuated to 1.08 (0.76–1.51) for those quitting 10–20 years and 0.97 (0.59–1.55) for those quitting >40 years. Those who quit smoking by age 60 years had similar odds relative to never smokers: OR was 1.05 (0.74–1.48) for quitting at ages 50–60 years and further reduced to 0.86 (0.57–1.25) for quitting at ages <40 years.</p>Conclusion<p>While persistent smoking was associated with increased odds of late-life physical frailty, smoking cessation for at least 10 years, or before the age of 60 years, could mitigate this risk substantially.</p> 2026-09-17T05:52:02Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fragi.2026.1870256.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Association_of_smoking_cessation_with_late-life_frailty_risk_the_Singapore_Chinese_health_study_docx/33871987 CC BY 4.0