2026-10-11T20:39:31Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33828775 2026-09-16T05:33:12Z category_19 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Characterization of the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities of Arctium lappa L. (greater burdock) against representative members of the ESKAPE group.docx Danae Kala Rodriguez Bardaji (24961210) Gabriella Fedus (24961213) Samantha Tran (24961216) Dinindu de Silva (24961219) Lily Fagan (24961222) Michael A. Savka (7214114) Dawn Carter (24961225) Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva (24961228) André O. Hudson (7214108) Pharmacology antibacterial activity antibiotics antimicrobial resistance Arctium lappa biofilm inhibition biosynthetic gene clusters ESKAPE genome mining <p>Antimicrobial resistance creates an urgent need for new antibacterial strategies, and medicinal plants remain an important source of chemically diverse bioactive metabolites. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of Arctium lappa L. (greater burdock) naturalized in the United States using a genome-guided approach integrated with microbiological and mechanistic assays. Genome mining identified 35 putative biosynthetic gene clusters associated with diverse specialized metabolite classes. An 80% aqueous ethanol leaf extract was evaluated against six ESKAPE-like bacterial strains: Enterococcus faecium RIT857 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (Gram-positive), and Klebsiella aerogenes RIT3131, Acinetobacter sp. RIT587, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Enterobacter sp. RIT637 (Gram-negative). MIC and MBC values ranged from 64 to 512 and 128–512 μg/mL, respectively, while MBIC₅₀ values ranged from 64 to 256 μg/mL. Time-kill assays demonstrated bactericidal activity, with Gram-negative strains reaching a ≥3-log10 reduction within 6 h and Gram-positive strains showing slower killing kinetics. LIVE/DEAD staining, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy showed changes consistent with compromised membrane integrity, while H2DCFDA assays showed increased intracellular ROS in S. aureus (181% ± 11%) and P. aeruginosa (214% ± 13%) relative to untreated controls. A modified disk diffusion assay also showed increased inhibition zones for selected extract–antibiotic combinations. The individual metabolites responsible for these effects were not chemically identified, which limits direct linkage between predicted biosynthetic pathways and observed activity. Overall, the findings demonstrate antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory activity of A. lappa extract and support further bioassay-guided fractionation and metabolomic characterization.</p> 2026-09-16T05:33:12Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fphar.2026.1941242.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Characterization_of_the_antibacterial_and_biofilm_inhibitory_activities_of_Arctium_lappa_L_greater_burdock_against_representative_members_of_the_ESKAPE_group_docx/33828775 CC BY 4.0