2026-10-14T04:20:23Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33827758 2026-09-16T04:32:46Z category_658 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Metabolically unhealthy normal weight is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a Chinese health examination cohort.docx Sai Zhang (118714) Hui An (1282779) Hongmei Liu (129385) Hao Wu (65943) Zhifeng Tian (14045154) Cell Metabolism cardiovascular risk carotid intima-media thickness metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) obesity phenotypes subclinical carotid atherosclerosis Background and aims<p>Whether metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCAS) and how its risk compares with that of metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) remain uncertain, particularly in longitudinal analyses and across age groups.</p>Methods<p>A cross-sectional sample (n = 26,202) and a longitudinal subcohort (n = 4,938) were derived from a health examination database; all participants in the longitudinal subcohort were free of SCAS at baseline. Participants were classified into four metabolic-obesity phenotypes based on body mass index and metabolic health status: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). SCAS was defined as carotid intima-media thickness ≥1.0 mm and/or carotid plaque.</p>Results<p>Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), MUNW was associated with increased odds of prevalent SCAS (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30–1.84) and increased risk of incident SCAS (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.12–2.56). Compared with MUO, MUNW showed a numerically higher risk estimate for prevalent SCAS, although the difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93–1.32, P = 0.247); a similar pattern was observed for incident SCAS (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83–1.91, P = 0.290). Metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was associated with prevalent but not incident SCAS (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.20; HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.94–1.38). A significant phenotype-by-age interaction was observed (P = 0.029); among adults aged <50 years, MUNW was associated with more than twofold higher odds of prevalent SCAS (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.39–3.76). Findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses excluding covariates overlapping with phenotype definitions and in plaque-restricted analyses.</p>Conclusions<p>MUNW was associated with increased odds of prevalent SCAS and a higher hazard of incident SCAS after multivariable adjustment, with numerically higher risk estimates than MUO, although direct comparisons did not reach statistical significance.</p> 2026-09-16T04:32:46Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fendo.2026.1925899.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Metabolically_unhealthy_normal_weight_is_associated_with_subclinical_carotid_atherosclerosis_cross-sectional_and_longitudinal_evidence_from_a_Chinese_health_examination_cohort_docx/33827758 CC BY 4.0