2026-10-11T16:43:00Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33809860 2026-09-15T17:26:33Z category_4 category_8 category_12 category_19 category_21 category_873 category_39 category_132 category_134 portal_5 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

<p>Dermal irritation scoring in rats.</p> Jinyan Zhang (759953) Yingzheng Wang (5793149) Yinghao Wang (7511486) Borui Chen (4384363) Huan Li (120482) Biochemistry Microbiology Cell Biology Pharmacology Biotechnology Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Ecology Infectious Diseases Virology xlink "> ultra time &# 8211 performance liquid chromatography markedly reducing biomass broth dilution determined biofilm biomass formation biofilm assays demonstrated ligusticum sinense </ minimum inhibitory concentration extract potently inhibited 5 &# 215 malassezia furfur </ vitro inhibitory activity sinense ethanolic </ ethanolic extract contained furfur </ ethanolic extract inhibitory effect 5 mg metabolic activity activity may planktonic cells phenolic acids natural agent major constituents highest levels high content ferulic acid dermal irritation cutaneous irritation 10 mg <div> <p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of different <i>Angelica dahurica–Ligusticum sinense</i> extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and cold-pressed) against planktonic cells and biofilms of <i>Malassezia furfur</i>.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to quantify the major constituents. Micro-broth dilution determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time–kill assays assessed fungicidal kinetics. Crystal violet staining assay (CVA) and XTT reduction assays quantified inhibition of biofilm biomass formation/metabolic activity and reduction of mature biofilms. Dermal irritation of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in rats.</p> <p>Results</p><p>UPLC showed that the ethanolic extract contained the highest levels of ferulic acid, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin. The MIC of the ethanolic extract was 5 mg/mL, superior to those of the aqueous and cold-pressed extracts (10 mg/mL each). A time–kill study revealed rapid fungicidal activity at 8 × MIC. Biofilm assays demonstrated that 0.5× and 1 × MIC of the ethanolic extract significantly inhibited biofilm formation (P < 0.05), whereas 8 × MIC effectively eradicated pre-formed biofilms, markedly reducing biomass and metabolic activity (P < 0.01). No cutaneous irritation was observed in rats at 8 × MIC.</p> <p>Conclusion</p><p>The <i>A. dahurica-L. sinense ethanolic</i> extract potently inhibited and eradicated <i>M. furfur</i> planktonic cells and biofilms with favorable safety. This activity may be attributable to its high content of coumarins and phenolic acids, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for the treatment of <i>M. furfur</i>-associated skin disorders.</p></div> 2026-09-15T17:26:20Z Dataset Dataset 10.1371/journal.pone.0357601.t003 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Dermal_irritation_scoring_in_rats_p_/33809860 CC BY 4.0