2026-10-12T03:52:36Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33734047 2026-09-14T11:43:42Z category_696 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_HIV-associated immune remodeling in cervical cancer: implications for immunotherapy, biomarkers, and trial design.docx Li Huang (107408) Yi Wan (296606) Zhou Yang (329522) Zhuo Zhou (128682) Manna Zhang (10232115) Genetic Immunology biomarkers cervical cancer HIV human papillomavirus immune checkpoint inhibitors mucosal immunity T-cell exhaustion tumor immune microenvironment <p>Women living with HIV experience a disproportionate burden of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer, yet they remain underrepresented in pivotal immunotherapy trials. Consequently, the effects of HIV-associated immune remodeling on the cervical cancer tumor immune microenvironment, biomarker interpretation, and response to immune checkpoint inhibition remain poorly defined. In this Review, we synthesize evidence concerning chronic inflammation, T-cell dysfunction and exhaustion, impaired antigen presentation, myeloid-mediated immunosuppression, and mucosal and microbial disruption in cervical cancer among women living with HIV. Because direct evidence in this population remains limited, we distinguish findings derived from HIV-associated cervical cancer from supporting evidence obtained in other HIV-associated malignancies, HIV-negative cervical cancer, and broader studies of HIV, HPV, and mucosal immunology. We propose a provisional inflamed, exhausted, and mucosally disrupted (IEM) framework to organize these interacting immune processes and generate hypotheses for prospective validation. This framework highlights why conventional biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression and peripheral CD4 T-cell counts, may incompletely capture immunotherapy-relevant immune heterogeneity and supports the evaluation of multidimensional biomarkers. We further discuss how the proposed framework could inform mechanism-matched therapeutic hypotheses and a novel two-dimensional clinical trial stratification model, while explicitly emphasizing that IEM is not yet a validated clinical phenotype or routine treatment-selection tool. Prospective studies incorporating women living with HIV are required to determine whether these immune features predict immunotherapy efficacy or toxicity and to establish more inclusive, biologically informed clinical-trial strategies.</p> 2026-09-14T11:43:42Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1953030.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_HIV-associated_immune_remodeling_in_cervical_cancer_implications_for_immunotherapy_biomarkers_and_trial_design_docx/33734047 CC BY 4.0